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Journal of library and information science in agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 44-56.doi: 10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.26-0161

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Research on Residents' Digital Security Perception Level and Enhancement Strategies in the AI Era

LIU Fajun1, DONG Rongrong2, HUANG Kai1()   

  1. 1. Digital Technology Center, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127
    2. Scientific Literacy Research Office, China Research Institute for Science Popularization, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2026-04-01 Online:2026-09-05 Published:2026-09-23
  • Contact: HUANG Kai

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Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] The new round of technological revolutions and industrial transformations are deeply integrated, and digital technologies, especially those represented by generative artificial intelligence (AI), are advancing rapidly. While empowering high-quality economic and social development, they have also triggered a series of prominent issues related to technological ethics and digital security. Digital security has become an unavoidable core issue in the global digitalization process. In comparison, the "amplification" effect brought by China's over 1.1 billion Internet users has made the impact of digital security more extensive and profound, making it a core element related to national security, economic and social development, and citizens' legitimate rights and interests. The threats to digital security in the era of AI are more complex and diverse. To effectively guide and support residents in facing the challenges of the AI era, it is necessary to grasp the current status of residents' digital security level and the digital divide between different groups. Compared with existing research, this study mainly supplements the research gap in the empirical investigation of residents' perception level of digital security (including AI security). Based on this, conducting a survey of residents' perceptions of digital security and proposing corresponding countermeasures would help us understand the current status of digital security among residents, bridge the new digital divide, and promote classified digital security education measures. It will be important for further strengthening the digital security barrier, safeguarding personal information security, ensuring social stability, and maintaining national security. [Method/Process] Focusing on the research objectives and core themes, this study refers to the "Global Digital Literacy Framework" developed by UNESCO, draws on existing domestic research findings on digital literacy evaluation, integrates its digital security assessment indicators and designs, and combines the characteristics of new digital security risks in the AI era to design a localized digital security awareness survey questionnaire. Through online questionnaire surveys and variance testing methods, a case study was conducted among a total of 2 000 residents from the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The research data cover the demographic attributes of the respondents, basic digital security capabilities, digital device protection, and privacy protection indicators, while also incorporating multi-dimensional assessment indicators for digital health protection and AI security, to empirically assess the level of residents' digital security and the current status of digital divide among different groups. [Results/Conclusions] The research results indicate that residents' perception of digital security is not high overall. The basic digital security capability dimension performed relatively well. The digital health protection and artificial intelligence security dimensions performed better than the digital device protection and privacy protection dimensions, which scored the lowest. Residents recognize the importance of digital security in the era of AI and possess a certain level of digital security knowledge, but there is still considerable room for improvement in practical application of digital devices and personal privacy protection capabilities. Influenced by factors such as age, registered residence, education level, occupation, income, and device usage duration, there are significant differences in residents' digital security perception levels, especially among rural residents and the elderly, who are in urgent need of improvement. Based on the research results, the following suggestions are proposed. We should improve the digital literacy education system to ensure lifelong learning of residents' digital security capabilities. Efforts should be paid attention to the digital security rights and interests of the elderly population and enhance digital security inclusiveness. We should promote extensive collaboration among diverse social entities to enhance the digital security perception level of rural residents, and further promote monthly improvement activities to build a solid digital security barrier. This study focuses on empirical investigation and analysis in the field of residents' digital security, and proposes targeted coping strategies based on the research results, demonstrating a certain degree of innovation. However, this study has certain limitations due to its reliance on literature analysis and online surveys, as well as its relatively limited sample selection. Future studies could more comprehensively and deeply explore residents' digital security capabilities by expanding the survey sample, combining offline field research, or adopting a multidimensional stratified sampling framework. This would provide more universally applicable practical references for enhancing residents' digital security capabilities and further bridging the digital divide.

Key words: artificial intelligence, digital security, digital gap, digital literacy

CLC Number: 

  • G252

Table 1

Items for residents' digital security perception level"

调查维度（题目数量） 题项示例
数字安全基础能力（共9项）

Q1：我能够熟练使用手机、电脑、打印机、摄像头等数字设备

Q2：我能熟练编辑、提炼和修改他人制作的文本、表格、图像、音视频等数字内容

数字设备保护和隐私（共8项）

Q1：我能安全管理数字设备的各类密码，并能定期检查和更新设备、系统及网络账户的安全设置（例如：密码强度，登录验证等）

Q2：我了解个人隐私信息及数据受法律保护，在使用数字应用程序或服务中关注“隐私政策”或第三方数据处理的用途，并权衡利弊是否需要使用这些数字应用程序或服务

数字健康保护和AI安全（共12项）

Q1：我熟悉文字生成、图像生成、音视频生成等AI技术，以及应用过文心一言/一格、豆包等AI工具

Q2：我非常了解AI应用带来的潜在安全风险（例如：生成仇恨/歧视性、虚假/误导性等内容，以及产生数据泄露、知识产权纠纷、伦理道德等问题），同时了解可能需要承担的后果

Table 2

Demographic distribution of effective samples （N=2000）"

变量 类别 人数/人 百分比/%
性别 男 954 47.70
女 1 046 52.30
年龄 17岁及以下 493 24.65
18~25岁 422 21.10
26~35岁 350 17.50
36~50岁 283 14.15
51~59岁 52 2.60
60岁及以上 400 20.00
户籍地区 一线或直辖市 415 20.75
省会城市 543 27.15
地级城市 458 22.90
县级城市 375 18.75
乡镇农村 209 10.45
受教育程度 小学及以下 6 0.30
初中 289 14.45
高中 694 34.70
大学生 880 44.00
研究生 131 6.55
职业 初中/高中 600 30.00
大学生/研究生 200 10.00
农村农民 21 1.05
公务员事业单位人员 144 7.20
企业/公司职员 457 22.85
个体创业/自由职业者 105 5.25
退休 385 19.25
待业 36 1.80
其他 52 2.60
家庭收入 1万元以下 14 0.70
1万元~5万元 298 14.90
6万元~10万元 437 21.85
11万元~20万元 671 33.55
21万元~30万元 450 22.50
30万元及以上 130 6.50
使用数字设备时间 1年以下 30 1.50
1~5年 699 34.95
6~10年 542 27.10
10年以上 729 36.45

Table 3

Digital security perception level （N=2000）"

维度 平均值±标准差 N1（高于均分） N2（低于均分）
数字安全基础能力 5.12（1.38） 1 102 898
数字设备保护和隐私 3.94（1.52） 1 017 983
数字健康保护和AI安全 4.39（1.70） 1 057 943
总量表 4.55（1.63） 1 093 907

Table 4

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents of different genders"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
性别 男-女 0.01** -0.03 0.07** 0.01
F 0.81* 2.88 9.06* 0.12

Table 5

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents of different age groups"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
年龄段 17岁及以下-18~25岁 -0.15** -0.23** -0.05 -0.17**
17岁及以下-26~35岁 -0.17** -0.25** -0.09* -0.16**
17岁及以下-36~50岁 -0.09** -0.13** 0 -0.12**
17岁及以下-51~59岁 0.23** 0.47** 0.19* 0.06
17岁及以下-60岁及以上 0.39** 0.81** 0.4** 0.06*
18~25岁-26~35岁 -0.02** -0.02 -0.04 0.01
18~25岁-36~50岁 0.06** 0.1** 0.05 0.05
18~25岁-51~59岁 0.38** 0.7** 0.24** 0.23**
18~25岁-60岁及以上 0.54 1.04** 0.45** 0.23**
26~35岁-36~50岁 0.08** 0.12** 0.09* 0.04
26~35岁-51~59岁 0.4** 0.72** 0.28** 0.22**
26~35岁-60岁及以上 0.56* 1.06** 0.49** 0.22**
36~50岁-51~59岁 0.32** 0.6** 0.19* 0.18*
36~50岁-60岁及以上 0.48** 0.94** 0.4** 0.18**
51~59岁-60岁及以上 0.16** 0.34** 0.21** 0
F 189.11** 325.95** 44.45** 14.46**

Table 6

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents with different registered residences"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
户籍地区 一线/直辖市-省会城市 0.03** -0.01 0.04 0.06
一线/直辖市-地级城市 0.03 0 0.02 0.07*
一线/直辖市-县级城市 0.15 0.22** 0.19** 0.07*
一线/直辖市-乡镇农村 0.36** 0.62** 0.36** 0.18**
省会城市-地级城市 0** 0.01 -0.02 0.01
省会城市-县级城市 0.12** 0.23** 0.15** 0.01
省会城市-乡镇农村 0.33** 0.63** 0.32** 0.12**
地级城市-县级城市 0.12** 0.22** 0.17** 0
地级城市-乡镇农村 0.33** 0.62** 0.34** 0.11**
县级城市-乡镇农村 0.21** 0.4** 0.17** 0.11*
F 64.71** 91.95** 23.23** 4.53**

Table 7

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents with different levels of education"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
受教育程度 小学及以下-初中 -0.99** -1.32** -0.97** -0.75**
小学及以下-高中 -0.9** -1.15** -0.83** -0.76**
小学及以下-大学生 -1.12** -1.54** -1.02** -0.88**
小学及以下-研究生 -1.26** -1.83** -1.14** -0.92**
初中-高中 0.09** 0.17** 0.14** -0.01
初中-大学生 -0.13** -0.22** -0.05** -0.13**
初中-研究生 -0.27** -0.51** -0.17** -0.17**
高中-大学生 -0.22** -0.39** -0.19** -0.12**
高中-研究生 -0.36** -0.68** -0.31** -0.16**
大学生-研究生 -0.14** -0.29** -0.12** -0.04*
F 91.86** 118.99** 21.75** 12.62**

Table 8

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents of different occupations"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
职业 初高中生-大学生/研究生 -0.25** -0.39** -0.17** -0.2**
初高中生-农村农民 0.46** 0.99** 0.35** 0.13
初高中生-公务员事业单位人员 -0.15** -0.19** -0.12* -0.12**
初高中生-企业/公司职员 -0.13** -0.22** -0.05 -0.12**
初高中生-个体创业/自由职业者 -0.08** -0.09* -0.02 -0.11*
初高中生-退休 0.4** 0.83** 0.38** 0.08*
大学生/研究生-农村农民 0.71** 1.38** 0.52** 0.33**
大学生/研究生-公务员或事业单位人员 0.1 0.2** 0.05 0.08
大学生/研究生-企业/公司职员 0.12** 0.17** 0.12** 0.08
大学生/研究生-个体创业/自由职业者 0.17** 0.3** 0.15* 0.09
大学生/研究生-退休 0.65** 1.22** 0.55** 0.28**
农村农民-公务员事业单位人员 -0.61** -1.18** -0.47** -0.25*
农村农民-企业/公司职员 -0.59** -1.21** -0.4** -0.25*
农村农民-个体创业/自由职业者 -0.54** -1.08** -0.37** -0.24*
农村农民-退休 -0.06** -0.16 0.03 -0.05
公务员事业单位人员-企业/公司职员 0.02** -0.03 0.07 0
公务员事业单位人员-个体创业/自由职业者 0.07* 0.1 0.1 0.01
公务员事业单位人员-退休 0.55** 1.02** 0.5** 0.2**
企业/公司职员-个体创业/自由职业者 0.05** 0.13** 0.03 0.01
企业/公司职员-退休 0.53** 1.05** 0.43** 0.2**
个体创业/自由职业者-退休 0.48** 0.92** 0.4** 0.19**
F 105.21** 187.98** 26.05** 7.07**

Table 9

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents with different incomes"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
收入 1万元以下-1万元~5万元 -0.55** -1.2** -0.42** -0.15
1万元以下-6万元~10万元 -0.55** -1.15** -0.46** -0.16
1万元以下-11万元~20万元 -0.63** -1.27** -0.54** -0.2
1万元以下-21万元~30万元 -0.73** -1.42** -0.65** -0.26*
1万元以下-30万元及以上 -0.7** -1.37** -0.64** -0.23
1万元~5万元-6万元~10万元 0** 0.05 -0.04 -0.01
1万元~5万元-11万元~20万元 -0.08** -0.07* -0.12** -0.05
1万元~5万元-21万元~30万元 -0.18** -0.22** -0.23** -0.11**
1万元~5万元-30万元及以上 -0.15** -0.17** -0.22** -0.08
6万元~10万元-11万元~20万元 -0.08** -0.12** -0.08* -0.04
6万元~10万元-21万元~30万元 -0.18 -0.27** -0.19** -0.1**
6万元~10万元-30万元及以上 -0.15** -0.22** -0.18** -0.07
11万元~20万元-21万元~30万元 -0.1** -0.15** -0.11** -0.06*
11万元~20万元-30万元及以上 -0.07** -0.1* -0.1 -0.03
21万元~30万元-30万元及以上 0.0** 0.05 0.01 0.03
F 33.21** 40.69** 12.17** 3.13**

Table 10

Differences in digital security perception levels among residents with different usage years of digital devices"

变量 类别 总体 数字安全基础能力 数字设备保护和隐私 数字健康保护和AI安全
数字设备使用年限 1年以下-1~5年 -0.07** -0.09 -0.06 -0.05
1年以下-6~10年 -0.18** -0.27** -0.19 -0.1
1年以下-10年以上 -0.11** -0.17 -0.11 -0.06
1~5年-6~10年 -0.11** -0.18** -0.13** -0.05*
1~5年-10年以上 -0.04 -0.08** -0.05 -0.01
6~10年-10年以上 0.07** 0.1** 0.08** 0.04
F 16.09** 16.72** 6.64** 1.55**
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