关键词: 开放科学, 多源流理论, 中华人民共和国科学技术进步法

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] In order to promote the healthy and orderly development of open science, governments, academia and industry in many countries have agreed that policy should play a role in guiding, supporting and regulating open science. A systematic study on the issue of why open science can be entered the policy field, is of a great significance for revealing the evolutionary logic of open science policy formulation, distinguishing the values pursued by open science policies, and providing theoretical support for the promotion of special open science policies and the sustainable development of open science. [Method/Process] Considering the multiple streams theory and combination with the specific problem thresholds of open science in China,this paper proposes an analytical framework for setting the policy agenda for open science,namely that: 1) the actual requirements for the development of science, technology, and the economy, adverse feedback on the current policies and public health emergencies constitute the problem stream. 2) existing policies and recommendations of experts and scholars constitute the policy stream. 3) the political ideas held by the leadership group and the national emotions represented by the researchers and ordinary people constitute the political stream. On this basis, by analyzing the formulation of relevant policies, the practical progress and research status of open science in China, this article clarifies the reasons why "open science" has become the content regulated by the Science and Technology Progress Law of the People's Republic of China. [Results/Conclusions] This paper believes that: 1) In terms of the problem stream, the achievements of China's national science and technology innovation system construction have provided a large amount of human resources, knowledge resources and infrastructure resources for promoting open science, laying a solid foundation for the development of open science. However, China's requirements for openness and sharing in science and technology are scattered in different policy documents, making it difficult to form a policy synergy to jointly promote the vigorous development of open science. Given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic communication and research paradigms, it is necessary to shift the focus of open science policy from a social problem to a policy issue. 2) In terms of the policy stream, many policies formulated and implemented by the Chinese government, research funding agencies and scientific research and education institutions involve the relevant content of open science, which provide important support for the entry of open science into law. 3) In the terms of the political stream, the Party and government in China have paid close attention to the issue of open science, treating it as an important topic for national scientific and technological innovation. This has been intertwined with the call from the general public for open science, which has made it a leading force in bringing open science to the attention of policymakers. 4) The convergence of these three streams, with the construction of Digital China rising to the national strategic level and the launch of UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science has pushed open science onto the policy agenda. Finally, this paper suggests that Chinese government departments and relevant institutions take systematic measures to ensure the effective implementation of open science policies.

Key words: open science, multiple streams theory, Science and Technology Progress Law of the People's Republic of China