替代与重叠：公共文化参与中用户数字化水平与服务可及性的关系

doi:10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.25-0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

[目的/意义] 随着数字化转型的加速，公共文化服务的内容、传播方式和参与模式发生了深刻变化。可及性，作为文化活动参与的核心条件，通常通过可获得性、可接受性、可接近性和可适应性来衡量，以往研究多从供给侧出发探讨可及性对公共文化参与行为的影响。然而，用户的数字化水平逐渐成为影响公共文化参与的新变量。因此，本研究从用户角度出发，探讨用户数字化水平与公共文化服务可及性之间的关系，旨在为提升公共文化服务效能提供理论依据。 [方法/过程] 本文通过衡量用户的数字化水平来探讨公共文化参与中数字化水平对公共文化服务可及性的替代和重叠关系，并以京津冀地区为例验证了两种关系。 [结果/结论] 当前阶段传统公共文化可及性与用户数字化水平之间的替代关系显著，重叠关系较为有限。数字化在技术和服务层次促进了公共文化的资源和服务的升级，但用户的数字化水平与公共文化供给侧的数字化转型存在一定的建设时差，这一水平的提高是保障公共数字文化服务成效增强的关键因素。

关键词: 数字化, 可及性, 文化参与, 替代效应, 重叠效应

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] The ongoing digital transformation has led to significant changes in public cultural services, particularly in content generation, communication channels, and modes of public participation. "Accessibility," a key indicator of the extent to which citizens' cultural rights are realized, is typically assessed along four dimensions: availability, acceptability, accessibility, and adaptability. Previous research has focused primarily on the supply side of accessibility, examining how factors such as the distribution of cultural resources, infrastructure development, and policy support affect user engagement. However, with the widespread adoption of digital technologies, individuals' ability and willingness to access information, utilize services, and provide feedback - collectively referred to as "digital literacy" - has become an increasingly important variable influencing cultural participation. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the relationship between users' digital literacy and the accessibility of public cultural services from a demand-side perspective. It aims to provide a more systematic theoretical framework and practical approach to optimizing the effectiveness of public cultural services. [Methods/Process] This study assesses users' digital literacy by examining their level of digital access, Internet usage, and service availability based on data collected from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. A structured questionnaire yielded 892 valid responses. To analyze the relationship between users' digital literacy and the accessibility of public cultural services, the study applies a generalized ordered logit model. A generalized ordered logit model is employed to analyze the substitution and overlap effects between users' digital literacy and the various dimensions of service accessibility. [Results/Conclusions] There is currently a digital divide exists between different demographic groups. A significant substitution effect is observed between traditional public cultural accessibility and users' digital literacy, with limited overlap between the two. Digitization has driven the modernization of public cultural resources and services, particularly in terms of technology and service delivery. However, there remains a time lag between the users' digital literacy of users and the digital transformation of the public cultural supply side. This lag suggests that the digital needs of users and the availability of digital cultural services are not fully aligned, which negatively impacts the effectiveness of public cultural services. Therefore, enhancing users' digital literacy, especially improving their ability to adapt to digital cultural resources, is a crucial factor in transitioning public cultural services from "accessibility" to "enjoyment". In promoting the digital upgrading of public cultural services, greater emphasis should be placed on developing users' capabilities and anticipating their needs.

Key words: digitization, accessibility, cultural participation, substitution effect, overlapping effect

中图分类号: G725

王元明, 王雪丽. 替代与重叠：公共文化参与中用户数字化水平与服务可及性的关系[J/OL]. 农业图书情报学报. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.25-0065.

WANG Yuanming, WANG Xueli. Substitution and Overlap: The Relationship Between User Digitization and Service Accessibility in Public Cultural Participation[J/OL]. Journal of library and information science in agriculture. https://doi.org/10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.25-0065.

图/表 5

表1

变量的描述与测度"

变量名称	变量定义与描述
可获得性	公共文化服务资源的丰富性（图书馆，博物馆和文化馆等文化机构，其设施、服务人员和内容对于个人文化需求的满足度、有用程度）非常低=1；一般=2；较好=3；非常高=4
可接近性	参与公共文化活动的便利性（距离、时间和经济成本的可接受性）非常低=1；一般=2；满意=3；非常高=4
可接受性	公共文化服务机构提供的文化服务内容、服务人员的素质、服务过程的认可度非常低=1；一般=2；满意=3；非常高=4
可适应性	公共文化服务部门有公共文化需求调查和反馈等参与机制非常低=1；一般=2；满意=3；非常高=4
数字连接	是否有足够的互联网：无=0；有=1 是否有足够联网设备（手机、电脑等）：无=0；有=1 是否有接入公共文化相关的APP、微博等客户端：无=0；有=1
数字使用	您的互联网活动多集中于工作和学习：非=0；是=1 社交和公共服务：非=0；是=1 游戏音乐等娱乐领域：非=0；是=1 文化创作等活动：非=0；是=1
数字可供性	您认为通过网络行为对工作、生活和经济状况的改善程度非常低=0；一般=1；较好=2
性别	男=1；女=0
年龄/岁	0≤18；1=18~45；2=45~69；3≥69
教育程度	受教育年限
主要居住地	农村=0；城镇=1
收入水平	所属地区平均水平以下=1；平均水平=2；高于平均水平=3
工作类型	国家机关、党群组织、企业、事业单位负责人；专业技术人员；办事人员和有关人员；社会生产服务和生活服务人员；农、林、牧、渔业生产及辅助人员；生产、运输设备操作人员及有关人员；军人
参与行为	在过去12个月中您现场参与的活动（歌剧、音乐会、电影、文化馆、图书馆、美术馆以及历史遗迹）等的频次在过去12个月内通过媒体参与文化活动频次

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

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项目	OL1			OL2			OL3
项目	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）
[数字接入=2]
[数字接入=1]	0.597	1.166	0.660~2.058	0.687	0.931	0.659~1.317	0.795	0.961	0.715~1.293
[数字接入=0]	0.000	0.127	0.042~0.382	0.000	0.123	0.042~0.360	0.047	0.220	0.049~0.982
[可供性=2]
[可供性=1]	0.152	0.568	0.262~1.233	0.001	0.457	0.286~0.733	0.002	0.579	0.412~0.813
[可供性=0]	0.967	0.971	0.241~3.906	0.010	0.386	0.187~0.795	0.102	0.594	0.319~1.109
[工作=1]
[工作=0]	0.856	0.945	0.514~1.737	0.305	1.208	0.842~1.734	0.770	0.954	0.698~1.305
[社交=1]
[社交=0]	0.777	1.118	0.516~2.423	0.003	0.546	0.366~0.816	0.177	0.752	0.498~1.137
[娱乐=1]
[娱乐=0]	0.573	0.837	0.451~1.553	0.156	1.283	0.909~1.810	0.880	1.024	0.753~1.393
[文化=1]
[文化=0]	0.470	0.770	0.380~1.563	0.266	0.791	0.523~1.196	0.136	0.772	0.550~1.084
[居住=城镇]
[居住=乡镇]	0.164	0.673	0.386~1.175	0.042	1.422	1.013~1.996	0.244	1.191	0.887~1.599
教育程度	0.243	1.191	0.888~1.598	0.044	0.831	0.694~0.995	0.083	0.870	0.743~1.018
收入水平	0.538	1.126	0.771~1.646	0.455	1.094	0.864~1.386	0.192	1.144	0.935~1.399

项目	OL1			OL2			OL3
项目	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）
[数字接入=2]
[数字接入=1]	0.961	1.015	0.566~1.821	0.656	0.923	0.651~1.311	0.288	0.852	0.634~1.145
[数字接入=0]	0.001	0.130	0.041~0.413	0.000	0.147	0.053~0.409	0.157	0.440	0.141~1.372
[可供性=2]
[可供性=1]	0.950	0.978	0.486~1.966	0.011	0.547	0.344~0.870	0.139	0.774	0.551~1.087
[可供性=0]	0.699	1.302	0.342~4.952	0.007	0.375	0.185~0.760	0.043	0.511	0.266~0.980
[工作=1]
[工作=0]	0.995	1.002	0.510~1.970	0.735	1.065	0.740~1.532	0.794	0.960	0.705~1.307
[社交=1]
[社交=0]	0.789	1.121	0.485~2.592	0.008	0.575	0.382~0.864	0.390	0.839	0.563~1.252
[娱乐=1]
[娱乐=0]	0.026	0.442	0.216~0.905	0.333	1.188	0.838~1.684	0.472	0.894	0.660~1.212
[文化=1]
[文化=0]	0.328	0.672	0.303~1.491	0.346	0.819	0.540~1.241	0.463	0.881	0.629~1.235
[居住=城镇]
[居住=乡镇]	0.114	0.625	0.349~1.119	0.076	1.364	0.968~1.922	0.365	1.144	0.855~1.531
教育程度	0.570	1.092	0.806~1.479	0.092	0.855	0.713~1.026	0.070	0.865	0.740~1.012
收入水平	0.571	1.119	0.759~1.650	0.089	1.233	0.969~1.569	0.158	1.155	0.946~1.411

项目	OL1			OL2			OL3
项目	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）
[数字接入=2]
[数字接入=1]	0.696	1.117	0.640~1.949	0.898	0.978	0.692~1.381	0.362	1.149	0.852~1.549
[数字接入=0]	0.001	0.152	0.051~0.453	0.001	0.169	0.061~0.469	0.156	0.400	0.112~1.421
[可供性=2]
[可供性=1]	0.685	0.867	0.435~1.727	0.001	0.461	0.289~0.737	0.007	0.627	0.446~0.881
[可供性=0]	0.966	0.974	0.290~3.267	0.005	0.358	0.176~0.730	0.079	0.566	0.299~1.069
[工作=1]
[工作=0]	0.728	0.895	0.480~1.671	0.936	1.015	0.711~1.448	0.607	1.086	0.794~1.484
[社交=1]
[社交=0]	0.678	0.853	0.403~1.805	0.002	0.531	0.356~0.793	0.119	0.716	0.471~1.090
[娱乐=1]
[娱乐=0]	0.024	0.473	0.247~0.905	0.210	1.244	0.884~1.750	0.599	1.087	0.797~1.482
[文化=1]
[文化=0]	0.728	0.883	0.437~1.784	0.599	0.898	0.600~1.342	0.013	0.653	0.466~0.915
[居住=城镇]
[居住=乡镇]	0.559	0.850	0.493~1.466	0.074	1.360	0.970~1.906	0.850	1.029	0.765~1.385
教育程度	0.213	1.201	0.900~1.604	0.036	0.825	0.689~0.988	0.641	0.963	0.822~1.128
收入水平	0.407	1.171	0.806~1.702	0.196	1.169	0.923~1.481	0.756	0.968	0.790~1.187

项目	OL1			OL2			OL3
项目	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）	显著性	Exp(B)	CI（95%）
[数字接入=2]
[数字接入=1]	0.819	1.068	0.611~1.866	0.857	1.032	0.733~1.453	0.908	1.018	0.755~1.372
[数字接入=0]	0.001	0.158	0.051~0.492	0.000	0.097	0.031~0.307	0.232	0.498	0.159~1.561
[可供性=2]
[可供性=1]	0.075	0.477	0.211~1.079	0.000	0.416	0.260~0.666	0.004	0.605	0.431~0.851
[可供性=0]	0.403	0.578	0.160~2.086	0.002	0.323	0.158~0.658	0.016	0.447	0.233~0.858
[工作=1]
[工作=0]	0.975	0.990	0.536~1.829	0.534	1.118	0.786~1.592	0.787	0.958	0.701~1.309
[社交=1]
[社交=0]	0.613	1.224	0.560~2.676	0.014	0.605	0.405~0.904	0.507	0.872	0.583~1.306
[娱乐=1]
[娱乐=0]	0.137	0.620	0.331~1.163	0.048	1.406	1.003~1.972	0.084	0.762	0.560~1.037
[文化=1]
[文化=0]	0.650	0.850	0.422~1.715	0.513	0.875	0.587~1.304	0.711	1.068	0.756~1.508
[居住=城镇]
[居住=乡镇]	0.245	0.722	0.417~1.251	0.068	1.366	0.977~1.909	0.390	1.138	0.847~1.528
教育程度	0.652	1.069	0.801~1.425	0.026	0.817	0.683~0.977	0.034	0.843	0.719~0.988
收入水平	0.370	1.187	0.816~1.728	0.183	1.173	0.928~1.483	0.040	1.237	1.010~1.514

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