高校学生数据安全素养评价指标体系构建与实证研究

doi:10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.26-0237

Abstract

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] Improving data security literacy is an important measure to eliminate data security risks and improve national security. The purpose of this study is to explore the elements of data security literacy, and to explore the current state of college students' data security literacy to improve their data security literacy. [Method/Process] This paper first determines the elements of college students' data security literacy through grounded theory and literature research, and then uses expert consultation and factor analysis to optimize and modify the evaluation indicators to determine the final evaluation index system, and uses questionnaires to collect data. We evaluate college students' data security literacy through independent sample T test and one-way variance analysis and verify their differences and various dimensions. [Results/Conclusions] The data security literacy evaluation index system consists of data security awareness, data security knowledge, data security capability and data ethics. Through empirical analysis, it has been proven that the evaluation index system constructed in this study is highly rational and operable. We provide a quantitative analysis of data security literacy that serves as an important reference for college students looking to improve their literacy in this area. The weight proportion of the first-level index is similar. It shows that improving data security literacy requires implementing a comprehensive data security education strategy. College students have above-average data security literacy. They perform well in terms of data security awareness and data ethics, but not so well in terms of data security knowledge and data security capability. Based on the demographic characteristics, there are some differences in data security literacy among different types of groups. The study of data security literacy takes place in the family's permanent residence. There are significant differences in students' experience and their parents' education level. Students in urban areas, college students, and students whose parents are involved have significantly higher data security literacy than other students. The analysis of each dimension shows that data security literacy differs among different types of groups. Gender, college level and university region are the key factors affecting students' data security awareness. Gender and college level have prominent differences in data security knowledge. Different genders and professional categories lead to differences in data security capability. Gender, college level, education level and university region all affect data ethics. The improvement of data security literacy requires students, families and universities to play their respective roles. College students should improve their data security literacy according to their own data security status. Male students should enhance security awareness, and female students should enhance data security capability level. Non-double first-class college students need to consolidate their theoretical foundation, while double first-class undergraduate students should increase technical practice learning to improve data security capabilities. Students in higher vocational colleges should deepen their understanding of data ethics. Students who are not science or engineering majors need to make up for their lack of capability. With the rapid development of data intelligence, the data security literacy requirements are constantly changing. This study focuses on traditional data life cycle security scenarios. In the future, a data security evaluation index system suitable for emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and large models can be constructed.

Key words: grounded theory, college students, data security literacy, evaluation index system, information literacy education

CLC Number:

G252

ZHU Shiqin, LV Jialin, GU Xiulun. Construction and Empirical Research of Data Security Literacy Evaluation Index System of College Students' Data Security Literacy[J].Journal of library and information science in agriculture, 2026, (): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Evaluation index system of college students' data security literacy"

一级指标	二级指标	指标描述	参考来源
数据安全意识	保密意识	具有保密和保护个人隐私、商业机密、国家安全等重要数据的意识	文献^[15-19]、访谈
	风险意识	能够意识到数据潜在的安全威胁，如侵犯公民隐私、数字内容篡改、电子支付欺诈等
	敏感意识	时常保持谨慎态度以应对可能出现的数据安全问题
	检视意识	会以动态的眼光看待自身的数据安全水平，并主动关注新兴数据安全问题
	反思意识	能够通过自己或他人信息泄露的经历分析深层次的原因并吸取教训
数据安全知识	维权知识	了解维权的法律法规，知道维权方法和渠道	文献^{[20,22,25,26,28]}、访谈
	法律知识	了解数据安全相关的法律法规和政策，如《中华人民共和国数据安全法》《中华人民共和国网络安全法》《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》等
	威胁知识	了解数据威胁的相关知识，包括信息茧房、大数据杀熟等传统风险，和AI幻觉、深度欺骗伪造等新型挑战
	学科知识	了解计算机科学与技术、信息安全、网络安全等学科的相关知识，如哈希值、网络安全协议、电子数据取证等
数据安全能力	数据采集	会使用校验、过滤、清洗、格式规范等技术保证数据采集过程中的数据质量，避免数据错误与数据损坏	文献^[24,29-33]、访谈
	数据存储	能通过定期备份、云备份、纸质备份等进行数据长期保存	文献^[24,29-33]、访谈
	数据处理	对可能出现的紧急事件和潜在风险有预案，能够妥善处理数据安全威胁
	数据传输	会使用加密协议、使用哈希函数等保证数据的完整性、机密性和可用性
	数据共享	会使用加密、打码、打水印、设置有效期等措施保护数据共享安全
	数据销毁	会通过撕毁、粉碎、永久删除、格式化等技术对数据进行彻底销毁，使其无法被恢复
数据伦理	环境秩序	会配合营造一个健康、安全的数据使用环境和秩序，遵循伦理道德，不造谣、不传谣等	文献^[34-36]、访谈
	学术道德	遵守学术道德，不偷窃他人成果，尊重他人数据，使用标明出处等
	学术规范	对科学研究过程中产生的数据真实有效性负责

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主范畴	范畴内容	参考文献
数据安全意识	保密意识、风险意识、敏感意识、检视意识、反思意识、甄别意识	文献^[19-24]、访谈
数据安全知识	维权知识、法律知识、威胁知识、学科知识、防范知识、工具知识、检索知识	文献^{[20,22,25-28]}、访谈
数据安全能力	数据采集、数据存储、数据处理、数据传输、数据共享、数据销毁	文献^[24,29-33]、访谈
数据伦理	环境秩序、学术道德、学术规范、使用规范、职责义务	文献^{[22,25,34-36]}、访谈

题项	成分				题项	成分
题项	1	2	3	4	题项	1	2	3	4
保密意识	0.770				数据采集			0.612
风险意识	0.702				数据存储			0.595
敏感意识	0.756				数据处理			0.661
检视意识	0.625				数据传输			0.682
反思意识	0.715				数据共享			0.672
维权知识		0.750			数据销毁			0.719
法律知识		0.811			环境秩序				0.869
威胁知识		0.692			学术道德				0.867
学科知识		0.744			学术规范				0.884

基本信息	类别	人数/人	占比/%	基本信息	类别	人数/人	占比/%
性别	男	427	40.207	高校地域	东部	599	56.403
	女	635	59.793		中部	219	20.621
院校层次	双一流	453	42.655		西部	244	22.976
	非双一流本科	542	51.036	学习经历	学习过	637	59.981
	高职高专类	67	6.309		未学习过	425	40.019
教育程度	专科生	50	4.708	家庭常住地	城镇	559	52.637
	本科生	734	69.115		乡村	503	47.363
	研究生	278	26.177	父母受教育程度	初中及以下	367	34.557
专业背景	人社	583	54.896	父母受教育程度	高中（含中专）	333	31.356
	理工	392	36.912		大学（大专以上）	362	34.087
	农医	87	8.192

变量	具体内容	均值标准差
家庭常住地	城市	3.498±0.422
	乡村	3.376±0.487
学习经历	学习过	3.539±0.414
	未学习过	3.291±0.479
父母受教育程度	初中及以下	3.375±0.524
	高中（含中专）	3.414±0.515
	大学（大专及以上）	3.989±0.518

变量	数据安全意识	数据安全知识	数据安全能力	数据伦理
性别	×	√	√	√
院校层次	√	√	×	√
教育程度	×	×	×	√
专业类别	×	×	√	×
高校地域	√	×	×	√

Construction and Empirical Research of Data Security Literacy Evaluation Index System of College Students' Data Security Literacy

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一级指标	权重/%	二级指标	权重/%	一级指标	权重/%	二级指标	权重/%
数据安全意识	26.465	保密意识	5.710	数据安全能力	27.258	数据采集	4.231
		风险意识	5.206			数据存储	4.112
		敏感意识	5.606			数据处理	4.581
		检视意识	4.641			数据传输	4.717
		反思意识	5.302			数据共享	4.647
数据安全知识	24.954	维权知识	6.237			数据销毁	4.970
		法律知识	6.751	数据伦理	21.323	环境秩序	7.074
		威胁知识	5.773			学术道德	7.055
		学科知识	6.193			学术规范	7.194

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