数字素养对城乡居民获得感的影响效应与作用机制研究——以北京市为例

doi:10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.25-0736

Abstract

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] As digital technologies continue to advance, digital literacy has evolved from an emerging skill to a fundamental capability for survival for urban and rural residents alike. The link between digital literacy and residents' sense of gain has gradually become a key way to assess the effectiveness of Digital China initiatives. [Method/Process] This study selected urban and rural residents in Beijing as the research subjects, and used 3,926 survey questionnaires as samples to empirically analyze the impact effect and mechanism of digital literacy on urban and rural residents' sense of gain. First, based on the theoretical definition of digital literacy and the sense of gain of urban and rural residents, a system of indicator encompassing digital literacy and the sense of gain of urban and rural residents was constructed. Then, the impact mechanism of digital literacy on the sense of gain of urban and rural residents is analyzed theoretically. Second, based on questionnaire survey data from 16 districts in Beijing, a more comprehensive and complex model was established using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) after measuring the digital literacy level of urban and rural residents in Beijing. The impact path of digital literacy on the sense of gain was systematically analyzed, the mediating effect of digital social participation was verified, and further multi-group analysis was conducted from multiple perspectives such as education level, age, and urban-rural differences, revealing the boundary and intensity differences of the impact of digital literacy on the sense of gain. The aim is to provide the government with a theoretical reference for formulating relevant development policies, and to offer other regions forward-looking experience to draw upon. [Results/Conclusions] First, digital literacy has a positive impact on the spiritual, political, economic, and livelihood gains of urban and rural residents, exhibiting a gradient effect. Specifically, the impact on spiritual gains (0.348) is greater than that on livelihood gains (0.330), economic gains (0.279), and political gains (0.249). This finding breaks through the traditional research focus on a single dimension of gains by systematically confirming the enhancing effect of digital literacy on the high-order, multidimensional gains in the areas of spirituality, economics, politics, and livelihood. Second, digital social participation plays a significant mediating role in the process of digital literacy influencing the four types of sense of gain. 21% to 30% of the impact of digital literacy on sense of gain is achieved by activating the digital social participation of urban and rural residents. Moreover, there are differences among different mediating effects, with digital social participation having the highest mediating effect on political sense of gain (30.1%) and the lowest mediating effect on people's livelihood sense of gain (21.8%). Third, there are differentiated adjustments in the effects of demographic characteristics such as urban-rural, age, and education on the path of digital literacy influencing the sense of gain. Among them, the differences between urban and rural groups and education groups are more prominent in key dimensions such as spiritual, political, and people's livelihood, while the influence of age groups is relatively limited.

Key words: digital literacy, urban and rural residents, sense of gain, digital social participation, PLS-SEM model, mediating effect, Beijing

CLC Number:

F328

MA Chen, LI Jin. Impact Effect and Mechanism of Digital Literacy on the Sense of Gain of Urban and Rural Residents: A Case Study of Beijing[J].Journal of library and information science in agriculture, 2026, (): 1-17.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Digital literacy index system and weights"

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	测量题项	权重
数字素养水平	数字概念意识	数字化概念意识	能否区分数字化与机械化、工业化等概念的差异？	0.048 9
		数字化基础意识	数字信息在生产、治理、服务等场景中的价值与重要性如何？	0.028 9
		数字化应用意识	运用数字化手段工作、生产、学习的意愿如何？	0.026 8
	数字通用素养	基本硬件使用	能否掌握智能手机、电脑等智能终端的基本操作流程？	0.028 0
		基本硬件维护	能否完成智能终端设备清洁、软件更新等日常维护任务？	0.031 1
		基本软件下载	是否具备常规软件、APP的下载与安装能力？	0.028 9
		基本软件使用	是否具备常规软件基础功能模块的操作技能？	0.030 2
	数字技术素养	数字信息获取能力	能否掌握通过互联网获取有用信息的技能？	0.050 7
		数字理解与分析能力	掌握简单分析数字信息的能力？	0.049 8
		数字化生产场景应用能力	是否掌握运用数字化软件设备开展办公、生产、经营等的能力？	0.056 7
		数字化生活场景应用能力	是否掌握运用数字化软件设备处理吃穿住行等日常生活事务的能力？	0.054 1
		数字化学习场景应用能力	是否掌握运用数字化软件设备在线学习专业技能、专业知识的能力？	0.053 9
		数字化金融场景应用能力	是否掌握运用数字化软件设备进行支付及获取金融服务等的能力	0.052 1
		数字化娱乐场景应用能力	是否掌握运用数字化软件设备进行娱乐休闲等的能力？	0.051 8
	数字创新素养	数字化文本创新	是否具备运用数字化资源撰写文案、博客、产品介绍等开展数字化文本创作的能力？	0.057 1
		数字化图像创新	是否具备基于数字化图片制作电子相册、简易海报等开展数字化图像创作的能力？	0.059 6
		数字化视频创新	是否具备基于数字化视频在网上制作短视频、VLOG等数字化音视频创作的能力？	0.061 9
		数字媒体内容创新	是否具备提出数字化创意、想法、模式、提案、方案设计，参与开放创新活动的能力？	0.054 0
	数字社交素养	亲人社交数字化	是否具备运用视频通话等数字工具强化家庭、亲朋情感连接的能力？	0.027 7
		熟人社交数字化	是否具备运用电子邮件等数字工具开展熟人、社群数字化关系运营的能力？	0.031 4
		陌生人社交数字化	是否具备运用数字工具参与公共事务讨论、提升社会影响力的能力？	0.033 1
	数字安全素养	网络安全意识	是否具备根据敏感与重要程度对个人隐私信息进行保护与隐私设置的能力？	0.026 4
		安全鉴别意识	是否具备识别网络谣言、防范钓鱼链接等能力？	0.029 0
		网络法治观念	是否具备不传播违法违规信息、维护网络生态健康的能力？	0.028 0

Table 1

Table 2

Descriptive statistics of variables related to digital literacy and residents' sense of gain"

变量名称	测量维度	测量题项	平均值	标准差
数字素养水平	数字概念意识-数字通用素养-数字技术素养-数字创新素养-数字社交素养-数字安全素养	根据熵值法计算得出	75.000	7.593
城乡居民获得感	精神获得感	您对个人认知升级与思想深化的满意度如何	5.057	0.940
	精神获得感	您是否认为通过微信、QQ等线上交流方式增进了您与家人朋友的感情	5.057	0.940
	政治获得感	您对智慧城市、数字乡村的公平性满意度如何	4.659	1.000
	政治获得感	您是否认为通过互联网能够使政府工作人员直接地关心大众的想法	4.659	1.000
	经济获得感	您是否认为通过互联网能够获得更多的商业信息	5.036	1.121
	经济获得感	您是否认为通过互联网能够获得更多的就业渠道资源	5.036	1.121
	民生获得感	您对智慧政务的“一网通办”惠民服务获得感如何	5.037	0.938
		您对智慧城市、数字乡村运行管理服务的一网通管服务获得感如何
		您对智慧城市、数字乡村一网慧治理服务的获得感如何
数字社会参与	基本公共服务的数字参与	您近一年是否经常通过互联网、智能手机等享受教育、医疗、社保、税务缴纳等基本公共服务	5.269	1.043
	政治活动的数字参与	您近一年是否经常通过互联网、智能手机等参与过在线投票、网上选举、社会调查等活动	5.255	1.028
	经济活动的数字参与	您近一年是否经常通过互联网、智能手机等参与线上购物、线上商务讲座、线上会议等活动	5.276	1.022
	社群关系活动的数字参与	您近一年是否经常通过QQ、微信、朋友圈、微博、抖音、小红书等平台展示、分享、交流自己的生活	5.289	1.033
年龄差异	中青年/中老年	将年龄小于等于45岁的界定为“中青年”，赋值为1；将年龄大于45岁的界定为“中老年”，赋值为2	1.381	0.486
受教育程度差异	高学历/低学历差异	将大专以下的学历水平界定为“低学历”，赋值为1；将大专及以上的学历水平界定为“高学历”，赋值为2	1.285	0.452
城乡差异	城市居民、农村居民	将户口类型为农业户口的界定为农村居民，赋值为1；将户口类型为非农业户口的界定为城市居民，赋值为2	1.416	0.493

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.1

Table 7

Table 8

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题项		t值	Cronbach's α系数	CR	AVE
精神获得感	YA1	87.359	0.744	0.886	0.796
	YA2	89.159
政治获得感	YB1	61.788	0.723	0.878	0.783
	YB2	52.531
经济获得感	YC1	52.431	0.726	0.879	0.785
	YC2	74.720
民生获得感	YD1	48.254	0.727	0.846	0.647
	YD2	46.995
	YD3	32.934
数字社会参与	M1	43.571	0.800	0.870	0.625
	M2	44.433
	M3	41.533
	M4	45.500

题项	数字素养	数字社会参与	精神获得感	政治获得感	经济获得感	民生获得感
数字素养	-
数字社会参与	0.416	0.791
精神获得感	0.444	0.375	0.892
政治获得感	0.324	0.284	0.28	0.885
经济获得感	0.351	0.289	0.223	0.234	0.886
民生获得感	0.402	0.311	0.252	0.261	0.192	0.804

路径	标准化系数	标准误	t值	P值	95%置信区间		f ²	VIF
路径	标准化系数	标准误	t值	P值	2.50%	97.50%	f ²	VIF
数字素养->精神获得感	0.348	0.042	8.386	0.000	0.258	0.421	0.132	1.209
数字素养->政治获得感	0.249	0.039	6.370	0.000	0.170	0.322	0.059	1.209
数字素养->经济获得感	0.279	0.042	6.684	0.000	0.194	0.359	0.075	1.209
数字素养->民生获得感	0.330	0.041	8.080	0.000	0.247	0.406	0.111	1.209
数字素养->数字社会参与	0.416	0.035	11.803	0.000	0.343	0.481	0.209	1.000
数字社会参与->精神获得感	0.230	0.038	5.987	0.000	0.153	0.303	0.058	1.209
数字社会参与->政治获得感	0.181	0.041	4.408	0.000	0.099	0.258	0.031	1.209
数字社会参与->经济获得感	0.173	0.038	4.554	0.000	0.097	0.248	0.029	1.209
数字社会参与->民生获得感	0.174	0.042	4.168	0.000	0.087	0.254	0.031	1.209

题项	Q²预测值	PLS-SEM模型		线性模型		PLS-LM
题项	Q²预测值	RMSE	MAE	RMSE	MAE	ΔRMSE	ΔMAE
PLS Predict LV Summary
数字社会参与	0.171	0.914	0.696
精神获得感	0.193	0.900	0.723
政治获得感	0.101	0.951	0.773
经济获得感	0.119	0.940	0.748
民生获得感	0.159	0.919	0.722
PLS Predict MV Summary
M1	0.104	0.988	0.787	0.988	0.787	0.000	0.000
M2	0.113	0.969	0.780	0.969	0.780	0.000	0.000
M3	0.105	0.968	0.791	0.968	0.791	0.000	0.000
M4	0.106	0.978	0.789	0.978	0.790	0.000	-0.001
YA1	0.154	0.794	0.646	0.794	0.647	0.000	-0.001
YA2	0.153	1.138	0.923	1.138	0.923	0.000	0.000
YB1	0.086	0.986	0.824	0.987	0.823	-0.001	0.001
YB2	0.072	1.184	0.964	1.184	0.965	0.000	-0.001
YC1	0.082	1.217	0.996	1.217	0.996	0.000	0.000
YC2	0.105	1.195	0.963	1.195	0.963	0.000	0.000
YD1	0.110	1.182	0.956	1.182	0.956	0.000	0.000
YD2	0.105	1.168	0.946	1.168	0.946	0.000	0.000
YD3	0.094	0.965	0.787	0.965	0.788	0.000	-0.001

总效应路径		标准化系数	标准误	95%置信区间
总效应路径		标准化系数	标准误	2.50%	97.50%
数字素养->精神获得感	Total Effect	0.444	0.037	0.366	0.510
	Direct Effect	0.348	0.042	0.258	0.421
	Indirect Effect	0.096	0.017	0.065	0.131
数字素养->政治获得感	Total Effect	0.324	0.034	0.256	0.388
	Direct Effect	0.249	0.039	0.170	0.322
	Indirect Effect	0.075	0.018	0.041	0.112
数字素养->经济获得感	Total Effect	0.351	0.036	0.277	0.418
	Direct Effect	0.279	0.042	0.194	0.359
	Indirect Effect	0.072	0.018	0.040	0.109
数字素养->民生获得感	Total Effect	0.402	0.036	0.328	0.467
	Direct Effect	0.330	0.041	0.247	0.406
	Indirect Effect	0.072	0.018	0.038	0.109

Impact Effect and Mechanism of Digital Literacy on the Sense of Gain of Urban and Rural Residents: A Case Study of Beijing

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路径	城乡差异			年龄差异			学历差异
路径	农村（I）	城市（J）	Δ(I-J)	中青年（I）	中老年（J）	Δ(I-J)	低学历（I）	高学历（J）	Δ(I-J)
数字素养→精神获得感	0.241***	0.52***	-0.279***	0.382***	0.306***	0.076	0.317***	0.440***	-0.123
数字素养→政治获得感	0.198***	0.300***	-0.102	0.276***	0.196**	0.08	0.236***	0.262***	-0.026
数字素养→经济获得感	0.262***	0.288***	-0.026	0.268***	0.279***	-0.011	0.266***	0.299***	-0.032
数字素养→民生获得感	0.296***	0.365***	-0.068	0.311***	0.340***	-0.029	0.276***	0.481***	-0.204*
数字素养→数字社会参与	0.344***	0.492***	-0.149*	0.441***	0.354***	0.087	0.375***	0.493***	-0.118
数字社会参与→精神获得感	0.265***	0.137*	0.128	0.190***	0.279***	-0.089	0.241***	0.165*	0.076
数字社会参与→政治获得感	0.096	0.301***	-0.205*	0.145**	0.210**	-0.065	0.104*	0.324***	-0.220*
数字社会参与→经济获得感	0.120**	0.251***	-0.131	0.150**	0.187**	-0.037	0.138**	0.221**	-0.083
数字社会参与→民生获得感	0.156**	0.185**	-0.029	0.279***	0.019	0.260**	0.162**	0.170*	-0.008

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