Abstract: The main problems which need to be solved in the construction and development of public libraries in China from the perspective of supply side reform, are the shortage of institutional supply, funds supply and service supply. And the shortage of institutional supply, is the core issue, also is the direct and indirect cause of the lack of funds supply and service supply. Theory and practice have proved that government is the main body of responsibility for solving this core problem, which is also an inevitable requirement for the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and self-confidence.