[Purpose/Significance] It is the requirement of the present times to build an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanistic paradigm with Chinese characteristics. [Method/Process] Based on the World 3 theory developed by Popper, this study defines the essence of digital humanities research as representing, revealing and reproducing the structure of the objective knowledge world. Furthermore, based on the paradigm theory developed by Kuhn, this paper deeply discusses the basic theoretical elements of the independent knowledge system of the evidence-based digital humanities paradigm with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, the carding of the elements of evidence-based digital humanities theory is carried out from the perspective of the scientific community of digital humanities research. That is to say, the research that adheres to the evidence-based ideology and method of digital humanity is identified as the same research community, and it is believed that evidence-based digital humanities will build a relatively independent knowledge system in the future. [Results/Conclusions] This paper argues that the combination of the basic principles of Marxism and the excellent traditional Chinese culture is the ideological basis of the independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics. The collective memory of the Chinese nation with a long history and its carrier constitute the cultural basis of the independent knowledge system. The rich ancient literature works have laid a solid literature foundation for the formation of the independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics. Under the guidance of mutual evidence between literature and history, bibliography with distinctive Chinese academic characteristics has laid a solid methodological foundation for the evidence-based digital humanistic with Chinese characteristics. Under the context of digital intelligence era, building an evidence-based digital humanities independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics will not only be benefitial to improving the cultural self-confidence of the Chinese people, but also have an obvious important significance in providing the world with a distinctive cultural heritage and cultural memory solutions. In the face of the massive traditional Chinese cultural resources, especially the precious cultural heritage including ancient literature works, it is not only timely but also imperative to apply emerging natural language processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning and related advanced technologies, to carry out in-depth digital humanities research. The theoretical discussion conducted by this research is expected to benefit the construction of an evidence-based digital humanities independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics.

[Purpose/Significance] Evidence acquisition is one of the most critical factors affecting evidence-based digital humanities research. The first-hand evidence contained in the ancient literature works is an important way to carry out digital humanities research, and thus, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the evidence-based digital humanities research process based on the empirical analysis of Bao's Zhan Guo Ce, which is one of the most influential books in Chinese history. [Method/Process] In the face of rich and diverse Chinese ancient literature works, it is of theoretical and practical value to build an independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics based on the evidence-based paradigm of digital humanities. For this reason, the present research used the natural language processing (NLP) method to analyze Bao's Zhan Guo Ce in Jiayan Library, which is tailored for the NLP analysis of Chinese ancient literature works. By using co-word analysis, this research comprehensively discusses how digital humanities researchers carry out systematic research based on first-hand evidence from ancient literature via word frequency analysis, visualization of co-words, cluster analysis, centrality degree analysis, etc. Social network analysis (SNA), NetworkX algorithm and co-word visualization procedure are applied to give us insight into how to extract the first-hand evidence from ancient literature works. [Results/Conclusions] The key results include a procedure on how to extract first-hand evidence from ancient literature works like Bao's Zhan Guo Ce, in digital humanities research via Python. Specifically, the procedure includes basic word frequency indicators, a tool of removal of stop words, process of recognition and removal of ambiguous words. Furthermore, this study also takes Bao's Zhan Guo Ce as an example to show the basic procedure of analyzing first-hand evidence in digital humanities research by using a series of statistical analysis methods and indicators such as co-word network visualization, clustering coefficient, centrality degree, and structural hole recognition. The procedures, tools and methods demonstrated in this study are expected to provide reference for completing the evidence-based digital humanity research paradigm of first-hand evidence. Thus, the procedures, tools, statistical indicators and algorithm demonstrated in this research are expected to provide a foundation for building an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.

[Purpose/Significance] The research paradigm of digital humanities provides an opportunity for researchers to conduct evidence-based research based on second-hand resources. The second-hand evidence in the evidence-based digital humanities research mainly refers to the secondary evidence obtained by researchers through analysis of the original literature records. Academic papers are such an example of second-hand evidence and analysis of these papers enables us to be focused on the exploration, discussion and comprehension of the specific evidence. [Method/Process] This paper aims to shed light on the theoretical basis related to second-hand evidence based digital humanities research, and conduct an empirical analysis with Dunhuang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. Through the coding analysis of 287 relevant research papers downloaded from the CNKI database, the reliability and validity of the research were tested, and a comprehensive analysis of the category system was conducted. On this basis, two independent coders systematically coded all academic papersby, and a coding system was formed with reliable reliability and validity. This coding system provided us a foundation to summarize the procedure of extracting the second-hand evidence from academic papers in the digital humanities research. [Results/Conclusions] This paper issued a three-stage and five- link procedure for second-hand evidence based digital humanity research. The "three stages" refer to the systematical literature retrieval, category formulation and comprehensive analysis of the second-hand evidence elements and the five links include evidence retrieval, reliability test, validity test, category construction and evidence element synthesis. The procedure developed by this research is expected to shed light on the knowledge organization of ancient literature works and lay a foundation for the digital humanities research based on the secondary resources like academic papers. Thus, based on the above procedure, the researchers in the digital humanities area are able to extract fruitful second-hand evidence from secondary resources (academic papers, for example) instead of acquiring initial evidence. This procedure may benefit the evidence-based digital humanity research because it is always a challenging task for individual researcher to access the initial research material like Dunhang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. In summary, the paradigm constructed in this study has certain theoretical reference and practical guidance value for the construction of evidence-based digital humanities subject, and academic and discourse system. Thus, it is expected to benefit the construction of independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.

[Purpose/Significance] Evidence-based approach has become an important research paradigm in such social research fields as management, education, economy, and law. In the research of digital humanities, how to obtain and process evidence from the original literature in order to effectively solve research problems is an important research topic. [Method/Process] This paper took the hierarchical social cognition theory as the theoretical basis for the evidence integration process of digital humanities research. From this perspective, the present research uses the theory of ecosystem for reference to integrate levels of evidence, the forms of evidence, evidences' carrier, information organization and the difference ways in which digital humanities researchers analyze the evidence as the same framework to shed light on the whole landscape of evidence-based digital humanities research. Furthermore, this study summarized the key value of evidence-based digital humanities research as to improve the validity of the evidence based on the research design theory and cognition theory. Due to the academic tradition of mutual verification between literature and history in digital humanities research, this paper also combined different evidence sources as different matrixes to integrate the evidence to demonstrate the specific evidence integration types of evidence-based digital humanities research. Based on the above research procedures, this paper also proposed a roadmap for future evidence-based digital humanities researchers to conduct more evidence synthesis related research from the perspective of integrating knowledge-based evidence and relational evidence. [Results/Conclusions] We put forward a hierarchical structure framework of the evidence-based digital humanities research ecosystem. Original evidence, initial processing evidence, secondary processing evidence, third processing evidence and the comprehensive evidence formulated five levels of this framework with a structure from the low level to the high level. Based on above theoretical framework, we concluded that coordination with validity and cognition as the theoretical motivation of the evidence integration in evidence-based digital humanities research. Systematic review and information organization are regarded as two instruments for evidence integration and the multiple mutual confirmation of various types of initial or secondary evidence is regarded as the practical tendency of evidence integration process in the evidence-based digital humanities research. Specifically, this research summarized two mutual confirmation evidence matrixes of the same evidence source and different evidence sources. The demonstration of evidence integration in evidence-based digital humanities research proposed in this paper is expected to benefit for building an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.

[Purpose/Significance] The transformation of public libraries into smart libraries depends on the continuous improvement of their own service capacity. With a growing interest in the construction of smart libraries, this paper takes public library service capacity as the research object and explores the construction and promotion path of public library service capacity, offering a guidance for public libraries' transformation into smart libraries. [Method/Process] Following the research ideas from the current situation to the future development, this paper first studied the three-stage evolution of public library service development through literature review, and re-examines the concept, characteristics and requirements of public library service capacity in the era of smart libraries. Then, based on the existing standard system, and considering the new demands in the smart library era, we explored the service capacity system of public libraries with an analysis on the constituent elements and influencing factors. [Results/Conclusions] The transformation of public libraries into smart libraries is a long and gradual process, and the construction of public library service capacity will also be a dynamic process of continuous in-depth development. Therefore, public libraries are suggested to promote their service capacity step by step based on their factor structure. The construction of public library service capacity in the era of smart libraries includes five dimensions: resource capacity, talent capacity, cultural capacity, management capacity and environmental ability. Therefore, we suggest that public libraries improve their service capacity through five paths, including (1) to build a resource system based on smart service through integration and reorganization; (2) to cultivate the ability of librarians based on smart service through enabling librarians' growth; (3) to build an organizational culture based on smart service through reshaping the concept; (4) to innovate the management model based on smart service evaluation and assessment; (5) to create a cooperation environment based on smart services through alliance collaboration, so as to promote the development of public libraries. This research provides specific methodological guidance for the construction of public library service capacity. However, due to the limitation of time, the integrity of the service capacity indicator system in this research still needs to be verified. We will continue to conduct the in-depth research based on the theory and evaluation system of library service capacity, and refine the indicators, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for public libraries to establish their smart library strategic planning based on service capacity evaluation.

[Purpose/Significance] Based on the research of library transformation from the mode of "high-speed growth" to "high-quality development", this paper addressed the green development as one of the key routes for the transformation of public libraries and provides a multifaceted definition of green development and sustainability from home and abroad as applied to public libraries. [Method/Process] By investigating the transformation and development of domestic libraries in recent years and drawing on the experience from a range of international projects, this paper found out how dedication to be sustainable and green action has become more central and widespread in the library sector worldwide. Successful examples were drawn from IFLA Green Library Award as well as other innovative programs, services, buildings and projects based on increasing consciousness around the green development. This paper integrated an overview of various efforts to define the green library and arguements for sustainable libraries. At the same time, some typical examples of libraries' environmental awareness and sustainability have been presented. [Results/Conclusions] This paper puts foreword the key areas to implement the concept of green development in libraries, including library buildings, facilities and equipment, collections, information services, operational management as well as library strategic development plan, thus incorporating the library development in the scope of environmental, economic and social sustainability. Libraries should take into account the environmental impact of their building as well as their own activities. They should also consider their specific features, not just the criteria for green buildings and offices. Besides, they can promote recycling and sharing in the community in various ways. These actions can raise environmental friendliness as a value and signals the importance of environmental issues to the community. In the aspect of resource development, the basic task of libraries is to ensure open and easy access to reliable information, which includes environmental information. With the provision of information, libraries should also promote the information retrieval skills of the community in order to improve the information literacy of the public with regard to environmentally sustainable awareness. In conclusion, libraries should create an environmental strategy that defines the means and objectives of the environmental work. It is important to raise awareness of the role public libraries can play in the near future, showing proof of their contribution to UN 2030 Agenda and SDGs by measuring and gathering evidence of their performance, namely the access to information and knowledge, access to information infrastructures as well as literacy competences development.

[Purpose/Significance] The emergence of the metaverse has brought new opportunities to the development of libraries, which can not only solve many challenges and problems faced by libraries since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, but also promote the construction of smart libraries to a higher stage of development. [Method/Process] Based on literature research and online survey, this paper focuses on the connotation and characteristics of the metaverse library, constructs the application scenarios of the university metaverse library, and finally discuses the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of the metaverse library. [Results/Conclusions] In September 2022, the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology (CNTERM) invited more than 20 experts to discuss the metaverse and the concept of core terms and reached a consensus. Metaverse is a virtual world that can interact with the real world by mapping or surpassing the real world, which is constructed by human using digital technology. The metaverse library uses cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, VR/AR and other technologies as the means to build the virtual space of library services, and is combined with the real space services to provide readers with immersive experience and encourage readers to participate in the virtual community of library resource production. It has eight characteristics: immersive experience, integration of virtual and reality, human-computer interaction, multi-source information resources, space-time expansion, social network, reader economy, and thought twinning and storage. University metaverse library is an important component of Metaverse Library and a service system of university libraries in virtual space. It has the characteristics of Metaverse Library and its own characteristics. The university metaverse library will break the service mode of the real space library, and the learning experience of readers in the library will be more game-like, immersive, simple to operate, strong gain in reality and so on, which fully reflects the concept of "reader-centered". To be specific, the university metaverse library mainly has five application scenarios: virtual digital human exchange, immersive panoramic reading and space experience, librarian avatar interaction, community interaction, and reader creation to reader economy interaction. But the new technology is not yet perfect. The construction of metaverse virtual space resources is difficult; there is a lack of constraints and norms in virtual space reader behavior; the traditional library business will be impacted and other problems are the possible challenges in the process of constructing the university metaverse library. To get out of the dilemma, we need to establish a research team to enrich the practice of new technology in the library, give full play to library technical expertise to solve the problem of resource construction, use laws and regulations to restrict readers' behavior, and promote active use of services to drive the traditional library business.

[Purpose/Significance] The huge economic benefits of Bt insect resistant genes have attracted great attention of relevant research institutions and enterprises at home and abroad, and these genes and technologies are transformed into their own exclusive rights by using intellectual property rights. Through statistical analysis of Bt insect resistant gene patents collected in 126 countries and regions around the world, this paper provides a reference for China in the development and industrial application of Bt insect resistant genes. [Method/Process] Based on the Global Patent Database of Smart Bud (PatSnap), the title, abstract and claim of the patent were taken as the focus of the search, and the patent analysis method was used to statistically analyze the Bt insect-resistant transgenic patents collected in the past 30 years since 1992. In the process of Bt anti-insect gene research, a large number of patent data were produced. After data cleaning, the "Bt strain", "detection method", "Bt insecticidal reagent" and other patents unrelated to the anti-insect gene were eliminated, and 2,988 patents were obtained, all of which were invention patents. The research status, research hotspots and development trends of global Bt pest resistance genes were studied from the aspects of total patent applications and trend, gene family classification, national/regional distribution, key technology fields, technology flow, institutional competitiveness, patent legalization status, and compound trait patents. [Results/Conclusions] Results show that the global Bt insect-resistant gene technology patent research and development trends, research hotspots and distribution technology gradually remain stable, the trend of patent application and disclosure in China is growing at the same time as that in the world. China's patent applications account for an increasing proportion of the global patent applications. But compared with international patent quality, there is still a gap between China and other countries. Multinational companies are the main body of Bt pest resistance gene market competition, and Chinese applicants are mainly scientific research institutions and universities. The cry1 family is the main target of Bt pest resistance gene patent application. The crystallized protein of Bacillus is a hot topic at present. The United States is the exporting country of Bt insect-resistant gene technology, while China is still in the stage of technology input. The patent failure rate of Bt insect resistance gene is much lower than the average level in this field. There is great potential in the study of fusion genes and gene superposition composite traits. Finally, the development prospects of Bt insect resistance gene technology in China were discussed.

[Purpose/Significance] Under the background of integration of culture and tourism, and with the development of the concept of all-around education, to carry out study tour service in public libraries will bring a new opportunity for public libraries to promote librarianship. There is a close connection between study tour and public libraries. A public library's taking part in the study tour is based on its functional objective as well as its objective to meet the requirements of modern education.It is an effective way for students to learn based on a lot of research in and out of China, while there are still some problems to face. [Method/process]This paper analyzes the current situation of public libraries' study tour service such as rich source, remarkable service achievement, functional goals and service modes of the libraries by literature review and online survey on education and public library services. Meanwhile it also gives brief introduction on the integrated theories and case study of the study tour service in Japan's public libraries, pointing out that the study tour service is consistent with the service of public libraries as well as accordant with education concept. There are still some challenges to overcome such as out-of-date ideas, the lack of in-depth study on theoretical understanding about study tour service and regulations, the lack of top-level design and practical preparation of the service projects that hinders the high-quality development of the study tour service. [Result/conclusion] Public libraries should adhere to the educational principle of study tour, based on their service functions and resource characteristics, highlight the concept of shared development, as well as innovation path about study tour services in public libraries. Public libries can achieve their long-term development in the future by insisting on their original intention of carrying out study tour service, obeying to the government guidance, innovating promotion forms, enriching supply content, promoting the space reconstruction, building brand and evaluation mechanism, extending more service chain, constructing service ecology, improving evaluation system, strengthening cooperation between libraries, schools and other social institutions, building a theoretical system of study tour service, as well as improving service efficiency.

[Purpose/Significance] Universities are important institutions for the creation and use of research data. However, how to organize, manage and reuse research data has become a challenging task for universtiy researchers. At present, Chinese university libraries and research institutes have become an important part of institutional repository (IR) construction. Of studies on IR construction by university libraries, there are few cases of embedding research data management (RDM) into IR functions for data preservation and sharing. The relevant theories and practices are still in the exploratory stage and have not been popularized. Therefore, through the investigation of the construction of Japanese IRs for research resource management, some experience is summarized, including the concept of data life cycle management, the optimization of data management policies, and the establishment of a scientific data management platform are applied to the management of scientific data generated by university researchers, the construction of a professional social science data platform for application research, and the conversion of data from decentralized storage to centralized storage and public release, in order to promote academic exchanges and provide innovative services. [Method/Process] IR platforms of 18 university libraries in Japan were selected as the sample. According to the life cycle of "collection - preservation - reuse" of RDM, the characteristics and experience of service construction were summarized from the aspects of RDM content, planning service, policies, and training courses. [Results/Conclusions] The enlightenment for the IRs of Chinese university libraries in their RDM service is summarized as follows: using the data life cycle to carry out the RDM service, optimizing data management policies, formulating RDM norms, developing data management courses, improving data management ability, raising the awareness of RDM among researchers, and paying attention to the training of RDM professionals. This study has several limiations. First, the survey data are not comprehensive enough. This paper only investigated IRs of some university libraries in Japan. Second, the research on the reuse of research data in Chinese universities is not comprehensive enough. Our future research will focus on the value-added development, reuse and sharing of research data.