Abstract: China's book collection has a long history and deep culture. Based on the research achievements of many private bibliophile, this paper tried to analyzed the developing venation of China’s pravite book collection, which could be divided into five stages of enlightenment, transformation, war, stagnation and recovery, and proposed its limitations including rich but conservative inventory, strong regionalism, short dissemination, small using range, individual characteristics, wide distribution and dependency, as well as the contribution in literature preservation, book dissemination, academic research, description and inscription and revision, which promoted the development of early research, culture and education, and produced positive effect on the formation of modern library management thought, the new classification methods, and the establishment of management system.

Key words: China’