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Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 23-37.doi: 10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.24-0679

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Factors Influencing Online Health Information Acquisition Behavior of Rural Elderly Groups in Western China: A Field Study from the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province

Zheng WANG, Miao ZHUANG, Yudi ZHANG, Yaqi ZHANG   

  1. Northwest University School of Public Management, Xi'an 710127
  • Received:2024-08-24 Online:2024-10-05 Published:2025-03-12

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] As China's population ages, the health status and information accessibility of rural elderly groups have become the focus of public attention. This study aims to explore the factors influencing the online health information access behavior of the elderly in rural areas of western China, with the aim of improving the current situation of this group's access to information, increasing the efficiency of their access to health information, narrowing the digital divide, and providing references for promoting the "Healthy China 2030" strategy. [Method/Process] Thirteen rural villages in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province were selected as the research sites to collect primary data through face-to-face in-depth interview. Based on the grounded theory and three-level coding with the help of qualitative analysis software NVIVO, we constructed a model of factors influencing the access to health information among the rural elderly in western China by taking into account the three behavioral modes of health information search, health information encounter, and health information substitution search. [Results/ [Conclusions] The health information seeking behaviors of western rural elderly groups were influenced by information, personal factor, social factor and media. Among them, the cultural level, media literacy, and subjective perception of personal factors directly affect the demand for and access to health information by the elderly; medical concepts are more influenced by social factors. Social factors, such as family support, social networks, and the availability of local healthcare resources significantly influence how older adults access health information and its effectiveness. Content specificity and quality reliability of information factors are key factors that drive or hinder older adults' willingness to access online health information. The media, as an external context, plays a mediating role in older adults' active or passive access to health information, with short video platforms and social media in particular becoming important channels. In addition, the study found that the roles of health information acquisition among the rural elderly could be categorized into passive recipients, limited participants and active searchers of health information, and based on this, a three-dimensional "R-P-S" model was constructed to describe the online health information acquisition status of the rural elderly. This model represents the developmental trajectory of this group's online health information access status, and as health information literacy improves, individuals may move from one stage to another more mature stage. Finally, interventions for different roles in health information access are proposed to better meet the health information needs of the rural elderly population.

Key words: health information behavior, rural areas, elderly groups, health information, "R-P-S" model

CLC Number: 

  • G252

Table 1

Basic information of respondents (N=29)"

编号 性别 年龄/岁 学历 职业 健康状况
R1 74 初中 农民 比较差
R2 62 初中 农民 一般健康
R3 67 初中 农民 一般健康
R4 70 初中 农民 一般健康
R5 63 初中 农民 非常健康
R6 66 初中 退休工人 一般健康
R7 60 初中 农民 非常健康
R8 66 初中 农民 一般健康
R9 61 高中 农民 非常健康
R10 65 初中 农民 非常健康
R11 63 初中 农民 非常健康
R12 76 初中 农民 一般健康
R13 64 高中 农民 非常健康
R14 64 大专 单位退休职工 非常健康
R15 80 初中 农民 非常健康
R16 63 小学 农民 一般健康
R17 77 中专 退休工人 比较健康
R18 84 中专 退休工人 一般健康
R19 72 初中 农民 一般健康
R20 64 初中 基层村干部 非常健康
R21 62 初中 在职工人 比较健康
R22 63 高中 个体户 非常健康
R23 62 高中 基层村干部 非常健康
R24 65 初中 农民 一般健康
R25 63 初中 农民 一般健康
R26 67 初中 农民 非常健康
R27 61 初中 农民 比较健康
R28 60 初中 农民 非常健康
R29 64 小学 农民 一般健康

Table 2

Examples of open coding and categorization concepts"

范畴化概念 初始概念 原始语句举例 范畴命名依据
A1文化程度 能看懂 R18 这种情况没有,手机啥还是能看懂 肖青[41]等认为文化程度是影响公众健康素养的重要因素
部分看不懂 R23 这个当然有不懂的,有时咱又看不懂
A2媒介素养 不会操作 R3 我一般情况下是感冒的都喝水,在网上弄,咱也弄不了 刘林曦[42]认为健康传播能力的提高与受众群体的媒介素养有直接的关系
手机使用不熟练 R24 稍微年龄大的对手机啥也不懂
能自主查询 R11 自己给自己看,自己能查来
A3主观感知 不关心 R24 作为我来说的话呢,跟人家城里人可能有些区别的是,农村人一般对这健康不太关心 曾粤亮[43]等认为主观感知是影响网络健康信息焦虑的内在催化因素
难以分辨正确信息 R13 网上有的说法会互相矛盾,我也不知道哪一个是真的啊
能够分辨正确信息 R24 啥都要注意理解,对别人有用不一定对你有用,你也不能全面否定也不能全肯定……要一分为二去看这些信息
质疑信息真实性 R6 网络这虚假信息太多

Table 3

Spindle coding condition"

主范畴 子范畴 子范畴内涵
B1个人因素 A1文化程度 个体的文化程度影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
A2媒介素养 个体的媒体素养影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
A3主观感知 个体的主观感知程度影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
A4医疗观念 个体的医疗观念影响其对于在线健康信息的需求以及获取健康信息的方式与效率
A5健康状况 个体的健康状况影响其获取健康信息的意愿
B2社会因素 A6家庭因素 个体所在家庭的支持力度影响其获取健康信息的方式
A7社交因素 个体的社交网络影响其获取健康信息的方式
A8医疗因素 个体所处社会环境的医疗状况影响其获取健康信息的方式
B3信息因素 A9信息内容客体 个体获取有关疾病治疗、健身养生等内容的健康信息
A10信息质量感知 个体获取的健康信息的质量以及对健康信息的评价,这对其决策制定和行为改变产生影响
B4媒介因素 A11主动获取 个体通过各种媒体渠道主动获取健康信息
A12被动获取 个体被动地接受来自各种媒介的健康信息

Table 4

Main category typical relationship structure"

影响因素 关系结构 原始资料举例 关系结构内涵
B1个人因素 因果关系 正向影响:A2、A3、A4 R20 在网上搜索一下……看一看吃什么药,看哪个卫生院哪个医生开的有没有这个药 个人因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的内部因素,对其产生正向及反向影响
反向影响:A1、A2、A3、A4、A5 R23 就是有时候身体不舒服搜一下
B2社会因素 因果关系 正向影响:A6、A7 R2 周围人得哪些病,会关注下 社会因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的外部因素,对其产生正向及反向影响
反向影响:A6、A8 R19 有事在医院看,有啥毛病看啥
B3信息因素 因果关系 正向影响:A9、A10 R20 这个高血压,还有这一方面的心血管疾病,就是查找一下这些病的信息 信息因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的关键要素,对其产生正向及反向影响
反向影响:A10 R19 网上这骗人的东西太多了
B4媒介因素 中介关系 A11、A12 R1 主要就是短视频推荐然后才看 媒介因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的外部情境,对该行为起中介作用

Fig.1

Modeling factors influencing access to online health information for older adults in rural western China"

Table 5

Health information access role type and description"

项目 健康信息素养 健康信息替代搜寻 健康信息偶遇 健康信息搜寻
健康信息被动接收者(Receivers) 最低 √√
健康信息有限参与者(Participants) 较低 √√
健康信息主动搜寻者(Seekers) 较高 √√

Fig.2

An “R-P-S” ternary model of online health information access for rural older adults"

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