西部农村老年群体在线健康信息获取行为影响因素研究——来自陕西关中地区的田野调查

doi:10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.24-0679

Abstract

Abstract:

[Purpose/Significance] As China's population ages, the health status and information accessibility of rural elderly groups have become the focus of public attention. This study aims to explore the factors influencing the online health information access behavior of the elderly in rural areas of western China, with the aim of improving the current situation of this group's access to information, increasing the efficiency of their access to health information, narrowing the digital divide, and providing references for promoting the "Healthy China 2030" strategy. [Method/Process] Thirteen rural villages in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province were selected as the research sites to collect primary data through face-to-face in-depth interview. Based on the grounded theory and three-level coding with the help of qualitative analysis software NVIVO, we constructed a model of factors influencing the access to health information among the rural elderly in western China by taking into account the three behavioral modes of health information search, health information encounter, and health information substitution search. [Results/ [Conclusions] The health information seeking behaviors of western rural elderly groups were influenced by information, personal factor, social factor and media. Among them, the cultural level, media literacy, and subjective perception of personal factors directly affect the demand for and access to health information by the elderly; medical concepts are more influenced by social factors. Social factors, such as family support, social networks, and the availability of local healthcare resources significantly influence how older adults access health information and its effectiveness. Content specificity and quality reliability of information factors are key factors that drive or hinder older adults' willingness to access online health information. The media, as an external context, plays a mediating role in older adults' active or passive access to health information, with short video platforms and social media in particular becoming important channels. In addition, the study found that the roles of health information acquisition among the rural elderly could be categorized into passive recipients, limited participants and active searchers of health information, and based on this, a three-dimensional "R-P-S" model was constructed to describe the online health information acquisition status of the rural elderly. This model represents the developmental trajectory of this group's online health information access status, and as health information literacy improves, individuals may move from one stage to another more mature stage. Finally, interventions for different roles in health information access are proposed to better meet the health information needs of the rural elderly population.

Key words: health information behavior, rural areas, elderly groups, health information, "R-P-S" model

CLC Number:

G252

Zheng WANG, Miao ZHUANG, Yudi ZHANG, Yaqi ZHANG. Factors Influencing Online Health Information Acquisition Behavior of Rural Elderly Groups in Western China: A Field Study from the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province[J].Journal of Library and Information Science in Agriculture, 2024, 36(10): 23-37.

Figures/Tables 7

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编号	性别	年龄/岁	学历	职业	健康状况
R1	男	74	初中	农民	比较差
R2	女	62	初中	农民	一般健康
R3	女	67	初中	农民	一般健康
R4	男	70	初中	农民	一般健康
R5	男	63	初中	农民	非常健康
R6	男	66	初中	退休工人	一般健康
R7	女	60	初中	农民	非常健康
R8	女	66	初中	农民	一般健康
R9	男	61	高中	农民	非常健康
R10	女	65	初中	农民	非常健康
R11	男	63	初中	农民	非常健康
R12	男	76	初中	农民	一般健康
R13	女	64	高中	农民	非常健康
R14	男	64	大专	单位退休职工	非常健康
R15	女	80	初中	农民	非常健康
R16	男	63	小学	农民	一般健康
R17	男	77	中专	退休工人	比较健康
R18	女	84	中专	退休工人	一般健康
R19	女	72	初中	农民	一般健康
R20	男	64	初中	基层村干部	非常健康
R21	女	62	初中	在职工人	比较健康
R22	男	63	高中	个体户	非常健康
R23	男	62	高中	基层村干部	非常健康
R24	女	65	初中	农民	一般健康
R25	女	63	初中	农民	一般健康
R26	男	67	初中	农民	非常健康
R27	女	61	初中	农民	比较健康
R28	女	60	初中	农民	非常健康
R29	男	64	小学	农民	一般健康

范畴化概念	初始概念	原始语句举例	范畴命名依据
A1文化程度	能看懂	R18 这种情况没有，手机啥还是能看懂	肖青^[41]等认为文化程度是影响公众健康素养的重要因素
A1文化程度	部分看不懂	R23 这个当然有不懂的，有时咱又看不懂	肖青^[41]等认为文化程度是影响公众健康素养的重要因素
A2媒介素养	不会操作	R3 我一般情况下是感冒的都喝水，在网上弄，咱也弄不了	刘林曦^[42]认为健康传播能力的提高与受众群体的媒介素养有直接的关系
	手机使用不熟练	R24 稍微年龄大的对手机啥也不懂
	能自主查询	R11 自己给自己看，自己能查来
A3主观感知	不关心	R24 作为我来说的话呢，跟人家城里人可能有些区别的是，农村人一般对这健康不太关心	曾粤亮^[43]等认为主观感知是影响网络健康信息焦虑的内在催化因素
	难以分辨正确信息	R13 网上有的说法会互相矛盾，我也不知道哪一个是真的啊
	能够分辨正确信息	R24 啥都要注意理解，对别人有用不一定对你有用，你也不能全面否定也不能全肯定……要一分为二去看这些信息
	质疑信息真实性	R6 网络这虚假信息太多

主范畴	子范畴	子范畴内涵
B1个人因素	A1文化程度	个体的文化程度影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
	A2媒介素养	个体的媒体素养影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
	A3主观感知	个体的主观感知程度影响其获取健康信息的方式与效率
	A4医疗观念	个体的医疗观念影响其对于在线健康信息的需求以及获取健康信息的方式与效率
	A5健康状况	个体的健康状况影响其获取健康信息的意愿
B2社会因素	A6家庭因素	个体所在家庭的支持力度影响其获取健康信息的方式
	A7社交因素	个体的社交网络影响其获取健康信息的方式
	A8医疗因素	个体所处社会环境的医疗状况影响其获取健康信息的方式
B3信息因素	A9信息内容客体	个体获取有关疾病治疗、健身养生等内容的健康信息
B3信息因素	A10信息质量感知	个体获取的健康信息的质量以及对健康信息的评价，这对其决策制定和行为改变产生影响
B4媒介因素	A11主动获取	个体通过各种媒体渠道主动获取健康信息
B4媒介因素	A12被动获取	个体被动地接受来自各种媒介的健康信息

影响因素	关系结构	原始资料举例		关系结构内涵
B1个人因素	因果关系	正向影响：A2、A3、A4	R20 在网上搜索一下……看一看吃什么药，看哪个卫生院哪个医生开的有没有这个药	个人因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的内部因素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B1个人因素	因果关系	反向影响：A1、A2、A3、A4、A5	R23 就是有时候身体不舒服搜一下	个人因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的内部因素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B2社会因素	因果关系	正向影响：A6、A7	R2 周围人得哪些病，会关注下	社会因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的外部因素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B2社会因素	因果关系	反向影响：A6、A8	R19 有事在医院看，有啥毛病看啥	社会因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的外部因素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B3信息因素	因果关系	正向影响：A9、A10	R20 这个高血压，还有这一方面的心血管疾病，就是查找一下这些病的信息	信息因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的关键要素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B3信息因素	因果关系	反向影响：A10	R19 网上这骗人的东西太多了	信息因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的关键要素，对其产生正向及反向影响
B4媒介因素	中介关系	A11、A12	R1 主要就是短视频推荐然后才看	媒介因素是农村老年群体健康信息获取的外部情境，对该行为起中介作用

项目	健康信息素养	健康信息替代搜寻	健康信息偶遇	健康信息搜寻
健康信息被动接收者（Receivers）	最低	√√
健康信息有限参与者（Participants）	较低		√√	√
健康信息主动搜寻者（Seekers）	较高		√	√√

Factors Influencing Online Health Information Acquisition Behavior of Rural Elderly Groups in Western China: A Field Study from the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province

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