关键词: 长江十年禁渔, 退捕渔民, 生计重构, 转产转业, 可持续生计

Abstract: [Purpose/Significance] The 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River is a great decision made by the central government based on its overall plan and for the sake of future generations. The reconstruction of fishermen's livelihood is the key and premise in this fishing ban. [Method/Process] This paper took the fishermen who have moved ashore as the research object, and conducted a relatively scientific, systematic and baseline tracking study on the reconstruction of the livelihood of the fishermen after the complete ban on fishing in the Yangtze River. On the basis of clarifying the connotation of the reconstruction of the livelihood of the fishermen who moved ashore the study combined the typical cases investigated to analyze the mode, effects and countermeasures on the livelihood reconstruction of the fishermen in the Yangtze River. [Results/Conclusions] Firstly, the livelihood reconstruction can be divided into broad and narrow senses. The former is a comprehensive investigation under the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis, while the latter focuses on livelihood paths and employment, and includes at least three levels of meaning of substitution, suitability, and sustainability. Secondly, the fishermen's livelihood reconstruction model can be classified into three categories including the government-led, fishermen-led and enterprise-led models. Each of the three modes has its advantages and disadvantages. At last, the fishermen's livelihood reconstruction effect still needs to be improved, which are afffected by both internal and external factors. The former is reflected in the objective constraints of low livelihood capital of fishermen, their low willingness to re-employment, and the subjective reasons of policy gaming. The latter mainly includes the inaccuracy of employment supply, limited financial support, scarcity of natural resources, and low social participation. It is necessary to fully recognize the key role of livelihood reconstruction of fishermen after the fishing ban, and strengthen theoretical research and practical exploration. In the future, the local government should start from coordinating and handling four relationships between the government and the market, short-term and long-term, fairness and efficiency, and protection and scientific development, and take multiple measures to improve the replacement, suitability and sustainability of the livelihood reconstruction of the fishermen who have moved ashore after fishing ban in the Yangtze River.

Key words: 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River, the fishmen who moved ashore after the fishing ban, Livelihood reconstruction, re-employment of fishermen, sustainable livelihood