The efficiency and the effectiveness of a tracing and tracking information system for agro-products result from following factors: (1) the influences from the data collection methods on the timeliness, the precision and completeness of the tracing pedigree; (2) the influences of data registration and service form on the data security and the data access service experiences. They can be categorized as the scopes of linking value and the reliability of the agro-products tracing system data. In this paper, we proposed that in case of the member organizations of a tracing system can guarantee the local digitization and they form a kind of half-open application scenario, and establish a distributed and trusty experimental agro-products tracing system can be developed by applying the integrated technologies of the semantic web and blockchain.

Agricultural science and technology resources play a crucial role in promoting agricultural type transformation of a country. This paper analyzes high frequency keywords of agricultural science and technology, builds a dynamic model of agricultural science and technology resources and carrys on the simulation. Using BICOMB and gCLUTO, this paper precipitates the themes and a strategic diagram of the field of agricultural science and technology after compared with the generated map of NetDraw and VOSviewer. In the VensimPLE environment, this paper carry on the simulation. International agricultural science and technology resources research includes five main themes as follows: agricultural science and technology innovation research, policy and environment of agricultural science and technology resources research, agricultural science and technology andrural economic development research, sustainable agricultural science and technology resources research, and agricultural science and technology resources allocation and utilization research. The simulation results show that the promotion of agricultural science and technology resources, the increase of users rely on the diversification of channels and ways of supplying. Combined with the survey data, this paper analyzes the rural information infrastructures and user accesses.

Cognitive computing is a nascent interdisciplinary domain, and it is also an evolution of technology that attempts to make sense of a complex world that is drowning in data in all forms and shapes. It is a confluence of cognitive science, neuroscience, date science, and cloud computing, which makes cognitive computing powerful and has the potential for groundbreaking discoveries and advances. We are entering a new era in cognitive computing that will transform the way humans collaborate with machines to gain actionable insights in areas such as healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, retail, retail, and financial services. Served as a catalyst for advancing research in cognitive computing, a coherent body of knowledge and recent research in cognitive computing are brought together. First, a deep look was taken at the concept of cognitive computing and an interdisciplinary introduction to cognitive computing, which was to provide a unified view of the discipline. Second, the development procedure was provided. Thirdly, overview of three major categories of cognitive architectures and principal technologies and approaches that are fundamental to a cognitive system were demonstrated. Some of the industries that were early adopters of cognitive com-puting and the types of solutions that were being created were also included. Finally, the applications of cognitive computing in agricultural area was discussed. It covered the applications, the system, the future and its challenges. Cognitive systems can help with the transfer of knowledge and best practices in agricultural area, and using cognitive computing to help decision support services has huge potential. In these use cases, a cognitive system is designed to build a dialog between human and machine so that best practices are learned by the system as opposed to being programmed as a set of rules. It is clear that cognitive computing is in its early stages of maturation. The list of potential uses of a cognitive computing approach will continue to grow over time, and the coming decade will bring many new software and hardware innovations to stretch the limits of what is possible.

[Purpose/Significance] To solve the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of agricultural Sci-Tech knowledge services in the big data environment, this paper proposed a "data + demand" driven knowledge service supply model. [Method/Process] The proposed model contains a knowledge service system model for different application scenarios and a technical supporting system with convergence of multi-source heterogeneous agricultural science and technology big data, knowledge computing and intelligent services as links. [Results/Conclusions] We developed a multi-scenario agricultural knowledge service system characterized as "Inclusive + Specialized + Customized", by addressing the key technologies of agricultural Sci-Tech big data integration and knowledge service, and thus provided differentiated, accurate and in-depth knowledge services for users of multiple types, levels and disciplines. The agricultural knowledge service system helps address the contradiction between supply and demand of knowledge services, and meet the need of inclusive & personalized knowledge service simultaneously to a certain extent.

[Purpose/Significance] Under the new ecological environment of scientific and technological innovation supporting data-intensive scientific discovery, the new format of knowledge service is quietly taking shape. Text mining as the core of knowledge service is facing challenges under the environment of new knowledge service formats. This paper aims to discuss the development strategies of using text mining to carry out knowledge services in the new environment. [Method/Process]This paper sorts out the technical framework of text mining, and demonstrates that text mining is gradually maturing. Using the research and practice in the field of agriculture as a case study in such areas as information retrieval, intelligent question-answering, information monitoring and knowledge extraction, text mining has shown a good performance in scientific and technological innovation and industrial applications. [Results/Conclusions] This paper puts forward the knowledge service technology development strategies according to China's conditions: (1) constructing a specialized knowledge service system based on text mining technologies, (2) attaching importance to the construction of corpora and basic knowledge bases, and (3) giving priority to implementing the deployment of knowledge service technologies in key areas.

[Purpose/Significance] At present, the world is in an information age, and the development of agricultural information has become an important development direction of modern agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how a new generation of information technologies promotes the development of agricultural informatization. [Method/Process] This paper summarizes the current situation of the applications of the new generation of information technologies in the agricultural field, analyzes the path of the technologies to promote the development of agricultural informatization, and puts forward the strategy of the innovation and integrated applications of the technologies. [Results/Conclusions] The paper proposes to supplement the shortcomings of agricultural informatization and modernization through the innovation of a new generation of information technologies, helps the "village revitalization strategy", and realizes and accelerates the "synchronization of the four modernizations and integrated development". Promoting the applications of information technologies in agriculture must rely on technological innovation, model innovation, mechanism innovation and policy innovation.

[Purpose/Significance] Fruit tree diseases endanger the safety of agricultural production, and the use of artificial intelligence technologies to help fruit growers identify fruit tree diseases in a timely and accurate manner is of great significance to ensure safe agricultural production. [Method/Process] Using 10 000 fruit tree leaf diseased spots image data sets, through image enhancement methods such as rotation, pollution, noise enhancement, and cutting to improve the diversity of sample images; using the ResNet-50 deep convolutional network model to perform machine learning to obtain the fruit tree diseases identification model, and develop application software based on this model to provide online diagnostic services. [Results/Conclusions] The experimental results show that the average recognition rate of the four fruit tree diseases reached 92.9%, which has a better diagnostic effect compared with related research results.

[Purpose/Significance] By analyzing the research situation of global smart agriculture, this paper aims to provide data reference and information support for scientific and technological innovation and management decision-making in the field of smart agriculture in China. [Method/Process] Based on the Web of Science database, this paper makes an in-depth analysis and visualization display of the global smart agriculture research overview, research group competitiveness, research focus and hot spots by using the methods of bibliometrics and knowledge mapping. [Results/Conclusions] Smart agriculture has drawn increasing interest among researchers both in and outside of China since 2010. The productivity and influence of China and the United States are far ahead of those of other countries in the world. The productivity and influence of China Agricultural University, Zhejiang University and the United States Department of Agriculture have obvious advantages. HE Y, JAYAS D S, and BLASCO J have higher productivity and influence, but the quality of papers of Chinese institutions and scholars is generally not rated as high. Agronomy, computer science, engineering, food science and technology, and chemistry are the key disciplines. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture is the most competitive journal. The global and China's smart agriculture can be divided into three research topics, but the research focus is different; the agricultural Internet of things as a representative of information perception, analysis and control technology is a research hotspot in recent years; agricultural sensor independent research and development, data mining analysis and sharing technology model, smart control algorithm model and system integration, smart agricultural machinery equipment and agriculture autonomous research and development of robots and smart agricultural science and technology service mode are the key research directions for further development of smart agriculture in China.

[Purpose/Significance] The livestock and poultry industry in China is in an important period of accelerating transformation. Understanding the research status of the related technology has certain reference significance for the development of the livestock and poultry industry. [Method/Process] This paper takes three main directions of the technology in the field of livestock and poultry farming facilities, cage, feeding and environment control, as the research object, and uses patentometrics to analyze the development trend, technology branch, applicant and key patents at all stages. [Results/Conclusions] The development of cage, feeding and environment control technology has experienced three stages simultaneously: germination stage, fluctuating development stage and rapid development stage, and the current application volume is on the rise in a straight line. Technology applications in this field mainly come from enterprises, and there are obvious differences in technology layout among enterprises. In recent years, the number of key patents from China has increased significantly. The research on cage technology devices is focused on technologies such as excrement and urine removal and floor covering. Research on feeding is more than that on drinking water, and both focus on automation equipment. Environment control focuses on waste treatment , air conditioning and house cleaning and scrubbing.

[Purpose/Significance] A more comprehensive picture of the development trend of the hotspots can be obtained through the analysis of the supply of innovative development elements. This research aims to provide references for the improvement of the disciplinary development policy systems, the scientific deployment of special plans and the optimization of the research layouts. [Method/Process] The study is based on the text analysis and information correlation method. First, the hotspots of basic research, technological innovation, and industry reports were sorted out. Then, the agglomeration and guiding role of multi-dimensional innovation elements on hotspots was studied, such as national strategic needs, policy-oriented promotion, and R&D capital investment. Accordingly, the development trend of subject hotspots was considered. [Results/Conclusions] Taking crop breeding as an example, the hotspots were divided into three categories based on this analytical method. There are intense research interests in the following directions, containing modern biological breeding technologies such as gene-editing breeding, molecular marker-assisted breeding, genome breeding, and transgenic technology, as well as mining of key genes for crop trait regulation and research on molecular regulation mechanism of traits, and crop trait improvement, in which the innovation elements are concentrated. Therefore, a series of high-quality results are expected to be produced in the future. The investments in innovation elements are highly concentrated, and the corresponding results are expected to be further expanded in the fields of the protection, utilization and accurate identification of germplasm resources, and innovations of targeted and precise breeding technologies such as molecular design and digital intelligent breeding. Classical breeding technology systems such as ploidy breeding, genetic transformation systems, tissue culture, and cell engineering breeding, as well as crop phenotype research, are calling for the new research momentum. In summary, the hotspot research of crop breeding subject in China showed the development trend of "conventional breeding + modern biotechnology breeding + information-based precision breeding".

[Purpose/Significance] Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world, and its development of genetic and breeding technology plays an important role in the guarantee of global food security. Study about the patents of global wheat genetic and breeding technology as a new research field has a great significance on wheat yield and quality. [Method/Process] Patent analysis is used to filter, count and analyze relevant patent documents and convert them into usable information. During the development of wheat genetic breeding technology, a large volume of patent data have been generated. After data cleaning, 4 914 patents were obtained, of which 99.5% were invention patents and 0.5% were utility model patents. By using the methods of patent analysis and standardized data analysis, this paper performs statistical analysis on the patent documents published since 1977 collected from PatSnap database. Insights patent analysis system is used as a tool for patent analysis and valuation. The technical status, researching hotspots and developing trend of wheat genetic and breeding patents in the world can be studied from these following aspects, such as total number and trend of applied patents, distributions of countries' or regions' patents, technology composition, hot topics and patent value. [Results/Conclusions] The results showed the overall development trend of the global wheat genetic breeding technology patents, the research hotspots and the technology distribution and pattern. The research of global wheat genetic and breeding technology is gradually approaching the maturity stage; the growth trend of China's patent application is in the same line with the global patent application, and China has become the world's largest country of patent applicant. The large multinational companies are active institutions in this field, while Chinese applicants are mainly universities and research institutions. The research of disease resistance gene, herbicide resistance and insecticide resistance, molecular marker-assisted breeding, transgenic wheat are the hot technical topics at present; the main technology composition of wheat genetic and breeding technology patent in China is basically consistent with the global situation, but the technical emphasis has slightly difference. In this field China has been in line with the global technology strategy. High-value patents are mainly in the hands of large multinationals; the distribution of China's patent technology should break the regional limitations and take the initiative to participate in the global technological competition. The future prospect of wheat genetic breeding technology development in China was finally put forward.

[Purpose/Significance] In the era of big data, people are flooded with massive information, and problems such as knowledge anxiety, adjustment of resource demand structure, and desire for high-quality information follow one after another. From the perspective of technical support, user interaction is rarely explored, but it is indispensable. The application in the field of infrastructure construction and business is relatively complete, but the user interaction of the knowledge service system is still insufficient: at the theoretical research level, there is a lack of summary of theoretical methods and systematic framework design; at the application practice level, there is a lack of systematic guidance. [Method/Process] The agricultural professional knowledge service system has relatively complete and representative user interaction, a large user base, and a high degree of retention, which is worthy of study, but it has certain shortcomings. The research on user interaction of agricultural knowledge system in this paper is mainly divided into the following three aspects. First, by sorting out the research status of user interaction at home and abroad, the user interaction framework of knowledge service system, namely human-computer interaction and interpersonal interaction, constitutes the basic research framework of this research. Second, based on this, using questionnaires and Baidu statistics this paper investigates the user demand of the agricultural professional knowledge service system, and at the same time analyzes the current situation and deficiencies of the system's supply resources, technologies and service layers. Third, this paper proposes an agricultural professional knowledge service system. The user interaction optimization plan starts from the human-computer interaction and interpersonal interaction dimensions of user interaction, analyzes and optimizes the resources, technologies and service layers of the agricultural knowledge system, realizes the friendly interaction of the system, improves the interaction incentive system, and builds a strong interactive knowledge chain community. [Results/Conclusions] The user interaction frame-work of the knowledge service system is designed, and based on this, we analyzed the current situation of user interaction in the agricultural knowledge system, and realized system optimization. The system can better stimulate user needs and understand user needs for the agricultural knowledge system, innovate functions, and provide high-quality personalized services, maintain the attractiveness and participation stickiness of users, benefit more user groups, and play a guiding role in the realization of system upgrades. Due to the lack of relevant knowledge of algorithm technology and lack of technical design for the optimization of agricultural professional knowledge service system, we need to explore the technical layer in the follow-up research; after the system optimization plan is proposed and implemented, experts and scholars need to further test its improvement effect, and propose construction to better realize the all-round optimization of the user interaction of the agricultural knowledge system.

[Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to study the structure-utility relationship of descriptive information of scientific data to provide a new perspective for the theoretical study of scientific data description and a reference for the best description of agricultural scientific data in the digital environment. [Method/Process] Based on information processing theory, the lens model, the probabilistic mental model theory and the adaptive decision-making behavior framework, the relationship model between descriptive information structure and informing utility was constructed. A situational experiment was designed according to the model. In this study, 47 postgraduates from 14 institutes were invited for quasi-experimental observation by using qualitative and quantitative methods such as eye-tracking, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. First, this study used a semi-structured interview to obtain a user's cognitive interpretation of fixation points and collected the descriptive items of agricultural scientific data and their use frequency by encoding the interview text. Second, this study combined descriptive item usage path coding and user judgment confidence to obtain the combination of descriptive items with high utility. Finally, the study used multiple regression analysis to identify the descriptive items with high utility and their predictive ability, and analyzed the impact of data literacy and data utilization type on the utility of descriptive items. [Results/Conclusions] The study identified 42 descriptive items of 11 categories of agricultural scientific data and their usage characteristics. Among them, the top 5 frequently used descriptive items were subject, data, overall description, source and data production information, which played an important role in user relevance judgment. Then this study identified the combination of descriptive items with high utility and found that users' use patterns of descriptive items were diverse. Compared with making a judgment with "relevant" result, users often needed less information to achieve a high level of confidence when making an "irrelevant" judgment. This study also found that the descriptive items with high utility include source, data, use and evaluation, and data production information. It is determined that user data literacy and data utilization purpose were the influencing factors of descriptive information utility, and the effects of the two factors were preliminarily analyzed. Based on this research, the paper put forward some suggestions for improving agricultural scientific data metadata and scientific data sharing. In the future, this study will be repeated in groups with different academic backgrounds and data literacy levels, so as to enhance the generalization ability of research conclusions and construct a more effective structure of scientific data descriptive information.

[Purpose/Significance] The huge economic benefits of Bt insect resistant genes have attracted great attention of relevant research institutions and enterprises at home and abroad, and these genes and technologies are transformed into their own exclusive rights by using intellectual property rights. Through statistical analysis of Bt insect resistant gene patents collected in 126 countries and regions around the world, this paper provides a reference for China in the development and industrial application of Bt insect resistant genes. [Method/Process] Based on the Global Patent Database of Smart Bud (PatSnap), the title, abstract and claim of the patent were taken as the focus of the search, and the patent analysis method was used to statistically analyze the Bt insect-resistant transgenic patents collected in the past 30 years since 1992. In the process of Bt anti-insect gene research, a large number of patent data were produced. After data cleaning, the "Bt strain", "detection method", "Bt insecticidal reagent" and other patents unrelated to the anti-insect gene were eliminated, and 2,988 patents were obtained, all of which were invention patents. The research status, research hotspots and development trends of global Bt pest resistance genes were studied from the aspects of total patent applications and trend, gene family classification, national/regional distribution, key technology fields, technology flow, institutional competitiveness, patent legalization status, and compound trait patents. [Results/Conclusions] Results show that the global Bt insect-resistant gene technology patent research and development trends, research hotspots and distribution technology gradually remain stable, the trend of patent application and disclosure in China is growing at the same time as that in the world. China's patent applications account for an increasing proportion of the global patent applications. But compared with international patent quality, there is still a gap between China and other countries. Multinational companies are the main body of Bt pest resistance gene market competition, and Chinese applicants are mainly scientific research institutions and universities. The cry1 family is the main target of Bt pest resistance gene patent application. The crystallized protein of Bacillus is a hot topic at present. The United States is the exporting country of Bt insect-resistant gene technology, while China is still in the stage of technology input. The patent failure rate of Bt insect resistance gene is much lower than the average level in this field. There is great potential in the study of fusion genes and gene superposition composite traits. Finally, the development prospects of Bt insect resistance gene technology in China were discussed.