In principle, the journal does not accept submissions listing any AI tool as an author. Likewise, references shall not include papers that credit AI as authors. All authors must be natural persons who bear full responsibility for the authenticity, completeness, scientific validity and other aspects of the manuscript content. If a manuscript is found to have its core content predominantly generated by AI tools, it will be dealt with as an act of academic misconduct.

If AI tools or AI-generated content are utilized during manuscript creation — including AI-assisted data collection and analysis, figure and graphic production, algorithm programming, text generation, language polishing and other applications — authors must explicitly disclose the specific AI tools adopted, detailed application procedures, as well as the functions and contributions of such AI tools in the data source, methodology or conclusion section of the manuscript. This disclosure enables reviewers and the editorial office to assess the originality of submissions. Manuscripts confirmed to involve suspected academic misconduct will be rejected outright or retracted as appropriate.

Scientific research shall adhere to the principles of scientific rigor, standardization, originality and innovation, and comply with research integrity, academic ethics and publishing ethics. Manuscript writing serves as a vital training and manifestation of scientific research capabilities; there are no shortcuts or opportunistic workarounds available. All researchers are expected to abide by academic standards, uphold academic ethics, and employ information tools rationally, standardly and appropriately for academic research.